diff --git a/docs/ford_filtered_driver.md b/docs/ford_filtered_driver.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..68e8cdab9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/ford_filtered_driver.md
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+# Ford feedback continuity trial
+
+The v16 experimental controller uses Ford CarState's existing filtered
+`steeringPressed` signal to detect driver input. It no longer independently
+checks the same 1 Nm threshold on each raw torque sample. Fresh PSCM driver
+override (`limit == 3`) and nonfinite torque still immediately clear feedback.
+Filtered driver input also still clears both P and I; nothing changes in Ford's
+CarState filter or the vehicle's disengagement logic.
+
+The full rlogs from `84865544361f55cb/0000015a--ef86556819` and
+`84865544361f55cb/0000015b--22b70521d4` contain short torque crossings with
+`steeringPressed == false`. At 15a +196.19 s, two samples reach 1.0625 Nm.
+The old duplicate check drops proportional correction and clears the integral,
+then restores proportional correction when torque falls. During the large left
+in 15b, similar pulses at +168.06, +168.14, and +168.28 s repeatedly interrupt
+correction. The logs establish these interruptions, not whether each pulse was
+deliberate driver input. v16 follows the same driver-input classification already
+used elsewhere in controls, instead of maintaining a second interpretation.
+
+## Scope
+
+This affects the opted-in Ford C0/C1 controller, with either action or geometry
+as its reference. Disabling `FordModelActionController` still selects upstream
+Ford control. No new toggle is needed. Diagnostics identify
+`model-action-curvature-c0-feedback-v16-filtered-driver`.
+
+Reference selection, preview, smoothing, gains, integration, command bounds,
+PSCM limit handling, and message timing are unchanged. This is a feedback
+continuity change, not a wheel-speed limiter or a general cure for abrupt
+low-speed motion.
+
+## Validation
+
+The regression uses the actual shared `CarStateBase.update_steering_pressed`
+filter with Ford's count of 5. Two-sample pulses in either direction preserve
+feedback; sustained input clears it on the first filtered pressed sample.
+PSCM driver override remains immediate. Before the change, 4 of the 5 new
+tests failed; afterwards all 5 passed. Integration tests exercise publication
+through controlsd and the real CAN sender. The related controller, path, and
+geometry suites pass: **534 tests**.
+
+The paired replay uses native control cadence and identical recorded
+references, steering, speed, driver state, and PSCM status. Baseline is commit
+`18ded0380045c29520cf1f690688e48ebad043d8`, with fixed 7 m C0. It replays
+44,145 control cycles and checks CAN serialization of 4,415 candidate commands.
+All commands remain finite and within field bounds; C2/C3 remain zero. Every
+recorded filtered driver input or fresh PSCM override clears feedback.
+
+Counts below use consecutive valid active commands below 15 mph, with sample
+spacing below 30 ms (normally 10 ms). A "step" is an adjacent command change,
+not a measured wheel movement or an inferred comfort threshold.
+
+| Metric | 15a old → new | 15b old → new | Combined old → new |
+|---|---:|---:|---:|
+| Feedback enabled/disabled transitions | 61 → 25 | 107 → 40 | 168 → 65 |
+| C0 steps larger than 0.25 m | 52 → 21 | 85 → 39 | 137 → 60 |
+| C1 steps larger than 0.05 rad | 36 → 18 | 32 → 17 | 68 → 35 |
+
+The baseline matches recorded C1 within Float32 precision on both routes.
+Maximum C0 mismatch is Float32 rounding on 15a and one 0.01 m command quantum
+on 15b. Logged publication time approximates the core call time, and the replay
+cannot reproduce every retained-message service-health check. These limitations
+are reported with the replay results, rather than assuming exact reproduction.
+
+Preserving I can also sustain stronger commands. Time at the C1 field bound
+increases from **2.57 to 3.81 s** on 15a and **6.70 to 7.12 s** on 15b.
+The candidate's wheel response and unwind cannot be inferred from the recorded
+motion: the physical vehicle did not receive these candidate commands.
+
+Reproduce for each extracted route directory:
+
+```sh
+PYTHONPATH=.:opendbc_repo python tools/ford_pscm_lab/filtered_driver_replay.py \
+  --source .cache/ford_route15a/rlog_full \
+  --output .cache/ford_filtered_driver/15a
+```
+
+Input and controller hashes and detailed results are in
+`ford_filtered_driver_validation.json`.
+
+## Why not add preview at the same time?
+
+The geometry and learned action are separate model outputs; code does not
+require them to agree. Geometry converts previewed heading and initial heading
+rate to curvature. For fixed heading perturbations, sensitivity grows as speed
+falls. This can magnify frame-to-frame plan revisions at low speed; it does not
+prove the resulting plan is incorrect. The model's training objectives cannot
+be established from inference code alone.
+
+A separate frozen-plan check added 0.1 or 0.2 s of geometry preview. Selected
+turn exits relaxed earlier, but some low-speed reference changes got steeper.
+For example, on 15b the maximum target-angle change over 0.2 s rose from about
+352 degrees/s to 386 and 429 degrees/s. These are reference changes, not wheel
+rates. Extra preview is therefore not included in this feedback continuity
+trial. Remaining sharp requests and geometric exit rebounds need to be judged
+separately from command interruptions.
diff --git a/docs/ford_filtered_driver_validation.json b/docs/ford_filtered_driver_validation.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..73740a3e6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/ford_filtered_driver_validation.json
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+{
+  "15a": {
+    "cycles": 21867,
+    "wire_checks": 2187,
+    "baseline_recorded_error_p50_p95_p99_max": {
+      "c0": [
+        4.172324707951702e-09,
+        5.2452087118126656e-08,
+        8.583068833445395e-08,
+        1.1444091807533141e-07
+      ],
+      "c1": [
+        8.791685157660822e-10,
+        1.1682510403510094e-08,
+        1.4305114759416426e-08,
+        1.478195188475695e-08
+      ]
+    },
+    "latched_angle_match_fraction": 1.0,
+    "command_changes": {
+      "c0": [
+        0.0,
+        0.0,
+        0.541800000000003,
+        1.6400000000000006
+      ],
+      "c1": [
+        0.0,
+        0.1825,
+        0.20749999999999996,
+        0.21100000000000008
+      ]
+    },
+    "variants": {
+      "old": {
+        "feedback_switches_active": 112,
+        "feedback_switches_low_speed": 61,
+        "low_speed_c0_steps_over_025m": 52,
+        "low_speed_c1_steps_over_005rad": 36,
+        "low_speed_step_p99": {
+          "c0": 0.4996000000000004,
+          "c1": 0.05668000000000003
+        },
+        "c1_bound_active_s": 2.5702606670000137
+      },
+      "new": {
+        "feedback_switches_active": 50,
+        "feedback_switches_low_speed": 25,
+        "low_speed_c0_steps_over_025m": 21,
+        "low_speed_c1_steps_over_005rad": 18,
+        "low_speed_step_p99": {
+          "c0": 0.15480000000000044,
+          "c1": 0.02622000000000008
+        },
+        "c1_bound_active_s": 3.8107828889998814
+      }
+    },
+    "method": "Compare driver-input arbitration on recorded references and frozen vehicle motion.\n\nInput: extract.py route.npz/model_paths.npz/metadata.json directories. This checks\ncommand continuity and overrides; it does not predict a changed wheel response.\n",
+    "provenance": {
+      "baseline_commit": "18ded0380045c29520cf1f690688e48ebad043d8",
+      "baseline_controller_sha256": "8bc8554ed6743c5faf433deaa6de3f07fae27d183f62b04f49f9c3b9f1e8dcca",
+      "candidate_controller_sha256": "c1132b826a37e6b600ef75683ab8f0a8c784c668472f69f08e217a0a91cca60a",
+      "fixed_c0_distance_m": 7.0
+    },
+    "sources_sha256": {
+      ".cache/ford_route15a/rlog_full/route.npz": "057ce69ce028b2c9c1b42ab8110f35c888a6c398ddcc4156e74afc98c83d119d",
+      ".cache/ford_route15a/rlog_full/model_paths.npz": "ef820d9df14afa308bf46f95463b636a599ff24fd08bffaff1ae671b3932c24a",
+      ".cache/ford_route15a/rlog_full/metadata.json": "bea47c7f0c0b583964ced3484fe814ec9a7a24abbfe6272e70f9dde12580a756"
+    }
+  },
+  "15b": {
+    "cycles": 22278,
+    "wire_checks": 2228,
+    "baseline_recorded_error_p50_p95_p99_max": {
+      "c0": [
+        6.70552502413102e-10,
+        3.814697269177714e-08,
+        1.0490417512443173e-07,
+        0.009999947547912669
+      ],
+      "c1": [
+        1.9371515502797365e-10,
+        5.4836273299940785e-09,
+        1.2159347528850617e-08,
+        1.478195188475695e-08
+      ]
+    },
+    "latched_angle_match_fraction": 0.9999321895978843,
+    "command_changes": {
+      "c0": [
+        0.0,
+        0.0,
+        0.2600000000000003,
+        1.740000000000001
+      ],
+      "c1": [
+        0.0020000000000000018,
+        0.012999999999999994,
+        0.07999999999999996,
+        0.15400000000000003
+      ]
+    },
+    "variants": {
+      "old": {
+        "feedback_switches_active": 238,
+        "feedback_switches_low_speed": 107,
+        "low_speed_c0_steps_over_025m": 85,
+        "low_speed_c1_steps_over_005rad": 32,
+        "low_speed_step_p99": {
+          "c0": 0.36999999999999944,
+          "c1": 0.03771999999999984
+        },
+        "c1_bound_active_s": 6.701652654999748
+      },
+      "new": {
+        "feedback_switches_active": 82,
+        "feedback_switches_low_speed": 40,
+        "low_speed_c0_steps_over_025m": 39,
+        "low_speed_c1_steps_over_005rad": 17,
+        "low_speed_step_p99": {
+          "c0": 0.22999999999999904,
+          "c1": 0.03050000000000002
+        },
+        "c1_bound_active_s": 7.123324506999893
+      }
+    },
+    "method": "Compare driver-input arbitration on recorded references and frozen vehicle motion.\n\nInput: extract.py route.npz/model_paths.npz/metadata.json directories. This checks\ncommand continuity and overrides; it does not predict a changed wheel response.\n",
+    "provenance": {
+      "baseline_commit": "18ded0380045c29520cf1f690688e48ebad043d8",
+      "baseline_controller_sha256": "8bc8554ed6743c5faf433deaa6de3f07fae27d183f62b04f49f9c3b9f1e8dcca",
+      "candidate_controller_sha256": "c1132b826a37e6b600ef75683ab8f0a8c784c668472f69f08e217a0a91cca60a",
+      "fixed_c0_distance_m": 7.0
+    },
+    "sources_sha256": {
+      ".cache/ford_route15b/rlog_full/route.npz": "f95e1c16a4677fee0ab57002d714e22716bf11873c308280553312fa9d18aab0",
+      ".cache/ford_route15b/rlog_full/model_paths.npz": "a90be55943ce0009afbf38ef2035b3fff4de8ab00ea266636247bcc5a5012eae",
+      ".cache/ford_route15b/rlog_full/metadata.json": "545ef8d6740e57237f35b2ca684111fc2d774e83aa1d6c8a5a0fff1b71270e85"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/docs/ford_geometry_reference.md b/docs/ford_geometry_reference.md
index fc5ee04f01..fa2470be81 100644
--- a/docs/ford_geometry_reference.md
+++ b/docs/ford_geometry_reference.md
@@ -50,7 +50,10 @@ the toggle is read at modeld startup.
 publication time, original action curvature, raw geometric curvature, selected
 curvature, preview, and smoothing time. `valid=false` while enabled identifies
 fallback. A startup log also identifies action or geometry mode. The existing
-Ford diagnostics continue to identify the unchanged v15 feedback controller.
+Ford diagnostics identified the unchanged v15 feedback controller in the initial
+geometry trial. The subsequent [v16 feedback continuity trial](ford_filtered_driver.md)
+uses Ford's filtered driver-input signal and leaves this reference calculation
+unchanged.
 
 ## Offline validation
 
diff --git a/openpilot/selfdrive/controls/lib/ford_model_action.py b/openpilot/selfdrive/controls/lib/ford_model_action.py
index a62365456a..2428c47594 100644
--- a/openpilot/selfdrive/controls/lib/ford_model_action.py
+++ b/openpilot/selfdrive/controls/lib/ford_model_action.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import struct
 
 import numpy as np
 
-from opendbc.car.ford.values import CarControllerParams, FordFlags
+from opendbc.car.ford.values import FordFlags
 from openpilot.selfdrive.controls.lib.ford_path import FordPath, _model_path
 
 
@@ -140,15 +140,16 @@ class FordModelActionController:
   Feedback advances once per fresh steering measurement; repeated samples
   still use the current request. Raw model geometry is checked on every cycle.
 
-  CAN yaw remains a health gate, not the feedback measurement. Driver override
-  clears the correction. Fresh PSCM limits only inhibit outward integration;
+  CAN yaw remains a health gate, not the feedback measurement. Ford's filtered
+  steeringPressed and fresh PSCM driver overrides clear the correction.
+  Fresh PSCM limits only inhibit outward integration;
   neither a limit nor a repeated measurement freezes the model request.
   """
   def __init__(self, proportional_gain=C1_PROPORTIONAL_GAIN, integral_gain=C1_INTEGRAL_GAIN, *, c0_time_based=False,
                c0_proportional_gain=C0_PROPORTIONAL_GAIN):
     self.core = ModelActionController(proportional_gain=proportional_gain, integral_gain=integral_gain, c0_time_based=c0_time_based,
                                       c0_proportional_gain=c0_proportional_gain)
-    self.hypothesis = 'model-action-curvature-c0-feedback-v15'
+    self.hypothesis = 'model-action-curvature-c0-feedback-v16-filtered-driver'
     self.reset()
 
   def set_c0_time_based(self, enabled, *, lateral_engaged):
@@ -194,8 +195,9 @@ class FordModelActionController:
     status_fresh = (pscm_status is not None and pscm_status.valid and pscm_status.canMonoTime > 0
                     and -.005 <= now-pscm_status.canMonoTime*1e-9 <= .15)
     pscm_limited = bool(status_fresh and pscm_status.limit == 2)
+    # CarState already filters Ford's noisy torque signal into steeringPressed.
+    # Rechecking its raw threshold here bypasses that filter and chatters P/I.
     driver_override = bool(driver_pressed or not _finite(driver_torque)
-                           or abs(driver_torque) > CarControllerParams.STEER_DRIVER_ALLOWANCE
                            or (status_fresh and pscm_status.limit == 3))
     feedback_enabled = not (driver_override or (status_fresh and (pscm_status.denied or pscm_status.lateralState != 2)))
     command = self.core.update(model, desired_curvature, current_curvature=current_curvature, speed=speed, dt=dt,
diff --git a/openpilot/selfdrive/controls/tests/test_ford_model_action_adapter.py b/openpilot/selfdrive/controls/tests/test_ford_model_action_adapter.py
index d6205c960f..2f8ef72278 100644
--- a/openpilot/selfdrive/controls/tests/test_ford_model_action_adapter.py
+++ b/openpilot/selfdrive/controls/tests/test_ford_model_action_adapter.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ from opendbc.car import Bus, structs
 from opendbc.car.ford.carcontroller import CarController
 from opendbc.car.ford.fordcan import calculate_lat_ctl2_checksum
 from opendbc.car.ford.values import CAR, CarControllerParams, FordFlags
+from opendbc.car.interfaces import CarStateBase
 from openpilot.cereal import custom
 from openpilot.selfdrive.car.helpers import convert_carControlSP
 from openpilot.selfdrive.controls.lib.drive_helpers import clip_curvature
@@ -242,6 +243,7 @@ def test_feedback_through_actual_controlsd_publication_and_100hz_sender(pipeline
   model.action = SimpleNamespace(desiredCurvature=sign*.004)
   cc = structs.CarControl(latActive=True)
   cs = SimpleNamespace(vEgo=20., yawRate=.2, canValid=True, steeringPressed=False, steeringTorque=0.)
+  driver_filter = SimpleNamespace(steering_pressed_cnt=0)
   cp = structs.CarParams(flags=int(FordFlags.CANFD), carFingerprint='FORD_F_150_LIGHTNING_MK1')
   downstream = CarController({Bus.pt: 'ford_lincoln_base_pt'}, cp, structs.CarParamsSP())
   vehicle = SimpleNamespace(out=structs.CarState(vEgo=20., vEgoRaw=20.), acc_tja_status_stock_values=defaultdict(int),
@@ -251,11 +253,13 @@ def test_feedback_through_actual_controlsd_publication_and_100hz_sender(pipeline
   # Every fresh error sample integrates within amplitude headroom.
   # Matched steering removes P and preserves I.
   for measured, torque, count, expected in [(sign*.004, 0., 100, 0.), (sign*.003, 0., 100, sign*.02),
-                                           (sign*.004, 0., 100, sign*.02), (sign*.005, 0., 100, 0.),
-                                           (sign*.003, 0., 100, sign*.02), (0., 1.0625, 5, 0.)]:
+                                           (sign*.004, 0., 100, sign*.02), (sign*.004, 1.0625, 2, sign*.02),
+                                           (sign*.005, 0., 100, 0.), (sign*.003, 0., 100, sign*.02), (0., 1.0625, 12, 0.)]:
     for _ in range(count):
       now = 1.+frame*.01
       controls.curvature, cs.steeringTorque = measured, torque
+      cs.steeringPressed = CarStateBase.update_steering_pressed(
+        driver_filter, abs(torque) > CarControllerParams.STEER_DRIVER_ALLOWANCE, 5)
       sm.logMonoTime.update(carState=round(now*1e9), modelV2=round(now*1e9))
       environment = {'self': controls, 'CS': cs, 'CC': cc, 'actuators': cc.actuators, 'model_v2': model,
                      'lp': SimpleNamespace(roll=0.), 'clip_curvature': clip_curvature,
@@ -277,14 +281,14 @@ def test_feedback_through_actual_controlsd_publication_and_100hz_sender(pipeline
       assert wire['LatCtlPath_No_Cs'] == calculate_lat_ctl2_checksum(2, frame % 16, packet[1])
       frame += 1
     core = controls.ford_path_controller.core
-    expected_p = .75*20.*(sign*.004-measured) if torque == 0. else 0.
+    expected_p = .75*20.*(sign*.004-measured) if not cs.steeringPressed else 0.
     assert core.proportional == pytest.approx(expected_p)
     assert core.correction == pytest.approx(expected)
     assert core.c1 == pytest.approx(sign*.08+expected_p+expected)
     assert controls.ford_path.path_angle == pytest.approx(core.c1, abs=.00025)
     base = encode_model_action(straight(), sign*.004, cs.vEgo).path_offset
     assert controls.ford_path.path_offset == pytest.approx(base+core.offset_proportional, abs=.005)
-    assert (core.offset_proportional == 0.) == (torque != 0. or measured == sign*.004)
+    assert (core.offset_proportional == 0.) == (cs.steeringPressed or measured == sign*.004)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize('service_valid', [False, True])
@@ -359,7 +363,7 @@ def test_continuous_pi_reversal_through_selected_limited_request_and_actual_can(
     assert wire['LatCtlPath_No_Cs'] == calculate_lat_ctl2_checksum(2, frame % 16, packet[1])
     if frame == 199:
       assert sign*core.correction < 0. if same_turn else sign*core.correction > 0.
-  assert controls.ford_path_controller.diagnostics['hypothesis'] == 'model-action-curvature-c0-feedback-v15'
+  assert controls.ford_path_controller.diagnostics['hypothesis'] == 'model-action-curvature-c0-feedback-v16-filtered-driver'
   if same_turn:
     assert controls.desired_curvature == pytest.approx(sign*.01)
     assert sign*controls.ford_path.path_angle >= speed*.01  # No old unwind correction left below the new base.
diff --git a/openpilot/selfdrive/controls/tests/test_ford_model_action_driver_input.py b/openpilot/selfdrive/controls/tests/test_ford_model_action_driver_input.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f366e35d30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/openpilot/selfdrive/controls/tests/test_ford_model_action_driver_input.py
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+"""Exercise Ford's actual driver-input filter together with path feedback."""
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+
+import pytest
+
+from opendbc.car.ford.values import CarControllerParams
+from opendbc.car.interfaces import CarStateBase
+from openpilot.selfdrive.controls.lib.ford_model_action import FordModelActionController
+from openpilot.selfdrive.controls.tests.test_ford_model_action_feedback import adapter_tick, status
+
+
+def pressed(state, torque):
+  # Ford CarState.update uses this shared filter with minimum count 5.
+  return CarStateBase.update_steering_pressed(state, abs(torque) > CarControllerParams.STEER_DRIVER_ALLOWANCE, 5)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('sign', [-1., 1.])
+def test_twenty_ms_torque_spike_does_not_drop_feedback_before_ford_detects_driver_input(sign):
+  state = SimpleNamespace(steering_pressed_cnt=0)
+  controller, steady = FordModelActionController(), FordModelActionController()
+  # Route 15a at 196.19 s: two 1.0625 Nm samples, steeringPressed remained false.
+  torques = [0.]*50+[sign*1.0625]*2+[0.]*20
+  for i, torque in enumerate(torques):
+    now = 1.+i*.01
+    driver = pressed(state, torque)
+    assert not driver
+    actual = adapter_tick(controller, now, speed=3.2, driver_pressed=driver, driver_torque=torque)
+    expected = adapter_tick(steady, now, speed=3.2)
+    assert actual == expected
+    assert controller.core.correction == steady.core.correction
+    assert controller.diagnostics['feedback_enabled']
+  assert controller.core.correction > 0.
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('sign', [-1., 1.])
+def test_sustained_driver_input_clears_feedback_on_the_first_filtered_pressed_sample(sign):
+  state = SimpleNamespace(steering_pressed_cnt=0)
+  controller = FordModelActionController()
+  for i in range(50):
+    adapter_tick(controller, 1.+i*.01, speed=3.2)
+  assert controller.core.correction > 0.
+  detected = False
+  for i in range(12):
+    torque = sign*1.0625
+    driver = pressed(state, torque)
+    adapter_tick(controller, 1.5+i*.01, speed=3.2, driver_pressed=driver, driver_torque=torque)
+    assert controller.diagnostics['feedback_enabled'] == (not driver)
+    if driver:
+      detected = True
+      assert controller.core.correction == controller.core.proportional == controller.core.offset_proportional == 0.
+  assert detected
+
+
+def test_pscm_override_remains_immediate_before_driver_filter_triggers():
+  controller = FordModelActionController()
+  for i in range(50):
+    adapter_tick(controller, 1.+i*.01, speed=3.2)
+  adapter_tick(controller, 1.5, speed=3.2, driver_pressed=False, driver_torque=1.0625,
+               pscm_status=status(1.5, limit=3))
+  assert not controller.diagnostics['feedback_enabled']
+  assert controller.core.correction == controller.core.proportional == controller.core.offset_proportional == 0.
diff --git a/openpilot/selfdrive/controls/tests/test_ford_model_action_feedback.py b/openpilot/selfdrive/controls/tests/test_ford_model_action_feedback.py
index a6ba145dda..7533b7008c 100644
--- a/openpilot/selfdrive/controls/tests/test_ford_model_action_feedback.py
+++ b/openpilot/selfdrive/controls/tests/test_ford_model_action_feedback.py
@@ -139,8 +139,8 @@ def test_repeated_steering_samples_do_not_reintegrate_error():
   assert controller.diagnostics['feedback_dt'] == pytest.approx(.06)
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize('overrides', [{'driver_pressed': True}, {'driver_torque': 1.01},
-                                     {'driver_torque': -1.01}, {'driver_torque': math.nan},
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('overrides', [{'driver_pressed': True}, {'driver_torque': math.nan},
+                                     {'driver_torque': math.inf}, {'driver_torque': -math.inf}, {'driver_torque': None},
                                      {'pscm_status': status(2.01, limit=3)},
                                      {'pscm_status': status(2.01, denied=True)},
                                      {'pscm_status': status(2.01, lateralState=1)}])
diff --git a/openpilot/selfdrive/controls/tests/test_ford_model_action_selection.py b/openpilot/selfdrive/controls/tests/test_ford_model_action_selection.py
index 9dfb36c5b4..2ceaa18ec7 100644
--- a/openpilot/selfdrive/controls/tests/test_ford_model_action_selection.py
+++ b/openpilot/selfdrive/controls/tests/test_ford_model_action_selection.py
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ def test_actual_startup_priority(candidate, observer, fingerprint):
     assert selected.ford_path_controller.core.proportional_gain == C1_PROPORTIONAL_GAIN == .75
     assert selected.ford_path_controller.core.integral_gain == C1_INTEGRAL_GAIN == 1.
     assert selected.ford_path_controller.core.c0_proportional_gain == .5
-    assert selected.ford_path_controller.diagnostics['hypothesis'] == 'model-action-curvature-c0-feedback-v15'
+    assert selected.ford_path_controller.diagnostics['hypothesis'] == 'model-action-curvature-c0-feedback-v16-filtered-driver'
   else:
     assert selected.ford_path_controller is None
   assert selected.ford_model_action == candidate
diff --git a/tools/ford_pscm_lab/filtered_driver_replay.py b/tools/ford_pscm_lab/filtered_driver_replay.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8d8647a4b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/ford_pscm_lab/filtered_driver_replay.py
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+"""Compare driver-input arbitration on recorded references and frozen vehicle motion.
+
+Input: extract.py route.npz/model_paths.npz/metadata.json directories. This checks
+command continuity and overrides; it does not predict a changed wheel response.
+"""
+import argparse
+import hashlib
+import json
+from pathlib import Path
+import subprocess
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+
+import numpy as np
+
+from opendbc.car.vehicle_model import VehicleModel
+from openpilot.selfdrive.controls.lib.ford_model_action import FordModelActionController
+from tools.ford_pscm_lab.model_action_replay import WireCheck, sample, table
+
+
+def replay(source, destination, baseline_class, provenance):
+  meta = json.loads((source/'metadata.json').read_text())
+  with np.load(source/'route.npz') as z:
+    r = {k: table(z, k) for k in ('controls', 'cs', 'cc', 'path', 'params', 'pscm', 'model')}
+  with np.load(source/'model_paths.npz') as z:
+    paths = z['paths']
+    path_ns = z['ns']
+  c = r['controls']
+  t = c['t']
+  cs, pa, ps = [sample(r[k], t) for k in ('cs', 'params', 'pscm')]
+  cc, sent = [sample(r[k], t, nearest=True) for k in ('cc', 'path')]
+  mi = np.clip(np.searchsorted(path_ns, c['model_ns']), 0, len(path_ns)-1)
+  exact = path_ns[mi] == c['model_ns']
+  models = [SimpleNamespace(position=SimpleNamespace(x=p[0], y=p[1]), orientation=SimpleNamespace(z=p[2])) for p in paths]
+  car = meta['car'][0]
+  cp = SimpleNamespace(**{k: car[k] for k in ('mass', 'wheelbase', 'centerToFront', 'steerRatioRear', 'tireStiffnessFront', 'tireStiffnessRear')},
+                       steerRatio=car['steer_ratio'], rotationalInertia=0.)
+  vm = VehicleModel(cp)
+  cores = [baseline_class(), FordModelActionController()]
+  wire = WireCheck()
+  names = ['t', 'active', 'valid', 'speed', 'pressed', 'raw_torque', 'pscm_override', 'limit',
+           'old_c0', 'new_c0', 'old_c1', 'new_c1', 'old_i', 'new_i', 'old_feedback', 'new_feedback',
+           'recorded_c0', 'recorded_c1', 'latched_angle_error']
+  rows = np.zeros((len(t), len(names)))
+  for i, now in enumerate(t):
+    vm.update_params(max(pa['stiffness'][i], .1), max(pa['steer_ratio'][i], .1))
+    scale = vm.get_steer_from_curvature(1., cs['speed'][i], 0.)/(cp.steerRatio*cp.wheelbase)
+    error = c['desired'][i]-c['measured'][i]
+    if abs(error) > 1e-5:
+      scale = -np.radians(c['desired_angle'][i]-c['actual_angle'][i])/error/(cp.steerRatio*cp.wheelbase)
+    status = SimpleNamespace(valid=bool(ps['valid'][i] and ps['status_valid'][i]), canMonoTime=round(ps['stamp'][i]*1e9),
+                             limit=int(ps['limit'][i]), lateralState=int(ps['lateral_state'][i]), denied=bool(ps['denied'][i]))
+    active = bool(cc['active'][i])
+    valid = bool(c['valid'][i] and cs['valid'][i] and cs['can_valid'][i] and pa['valid'][i] and exact[i])
+    commands = []
+    for core in cores:
+      command = core.update(models[mi[i]], c['desired'][i], current_curvature=c['measured'][i],
+                            speed=cs['speed'][i], yaw_rate=cs['yaw'][i], now=now, measurement_time=cs['t'][i],
+                            model_time=c['model_ns'][i]*1e-9, reference_time=c['model_ns'][i]*1e-9,
+                            active=active, valid=valid, driver_pressed=bool(cs['pressed'][i]), driver_torque=cs['torque'][i],
+                            pscm_status=status, curvature_scale=scale)
+      assert abs(command.path_offset) <= 5.1100001 and abs(command.path_angle) <= .5000001
+      assert command.curvature == command.curvature_rate == 0.
+      if command.valid and (cs['pressed'][i] or (status.valid and -.005 <= now-ps['stamp'][i] <= .15 and status.limit == 3)):
+        assert not core.diagnostics['feedback_enabled']
+        assert core.core.correction == core.core.proportional == core.core.offset_proportional == 0.
+      commands.append(command)
+    assert commands[0].valid == commands[1].valid
+    if i % 10 == 0:
+      wire.check(commands[1])
+    old, new = commands
+    rows[i] = [now-meta['t0'], active, new.valid, cs['speed'][i], cs['pressed'][i], cs['torque'][i], status.limit == 3, status.limit == 2,
+               old.path_offset, new.path_offset, old.path_angle, new.path_angle, cores[0].core.correction, cores[1].core.correction,
+               cores[0].diagnostics.get('feedback_enabled', False), cores[1].diagnostics.get('feedback_enabled', False),
+               sent['c0'][i], sent['c1'][i], abs(cs['angle'][i]-c['actual_angle'][i])]
+  a = dict(zip(names, rows.T, strict=True))
+  live = a['valid'].astype(bool)
+  consecutive = live[1:] & live[:-1] & (np.diff(t) < .03)
+  low = consecutive & (a['speed'][1:] < 15*.44704)
+  metrics = {'cycles': len(t), 'wire_checks': wire.count,
+             'baseline_recorded_error_p50_p95_p99_max': {
+               k: np.quantile(abs(a['old_'+k][live]-a['recorded_'+k][live]), [.5, .95, .99, 1]).tolist() for k in ('c0', 'c1')},
+             'latched_angle_match_fraction': float(np.mean(a['latched_angle_error'][live] < 1e-4)),
+             'command_changes': {k: np.quantile(abs(a['new_'+k][live]-a['old_'+k][live]), [.5, .95, .99, 1]).tolist() for k in ('c0', 'c1')},
+             'variants': {}}
+  for name in ('old', 'new'):
+    metrics['variants'][name] = {
+      'feedback_switches_active': int(np.count_nonzero(np.diff(a[name+'_feedback'])[consecutive])),
+      'feedback_switches_low_speed': int(np.count_nonzero(np.diff(a[name+'_feedback'])[low])),
+      'low_speed_c0_steps_over_025m': int(np.count_nonzero(abs(np.diff(a[name+'_c0'])[low]) > .250001)),
+      'low_speed_c1_steps_over_005rad': int(np.count_nonzero(abs(np.diff(a[name+'_c1'])[low]) > .050001)),
+      'low_speed_step_p99': {k: float(np.quantile(abs(np.diff(a[name+'_'+k])[low]), .99)) for k in ('c0', 'c1')},
+      'c1_bound_active_s': float(np.sum(np.minimum(np.diff(t, append=t[-1]+.01), .03)[live & (abs(a[name+'_c1']) >= .49975)])),
+    }
+  # Baseline agreement is reported rather than hidden: control publication time
+  # approximates the core's call time, and retained-message service checks are unavailable.
+  metrics['method'] = __doc__
+  metrics['provenance'] = provenance
+  metrics['sources_sha256'] = {str(source/k): hashlib.sha256((source/k).read_bytes()).hexdigest() for k in ('route.npz', 'model_paths.npz', 'metadata.json')}
+  destination.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+  np.savez_compressed(destination/'commands.npz', names=names, rows=rows)
+  (destination/'report.json').write_text(json.dumps(metrics, indent=2)+'\n')
+  return metrics
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__)
+  parser.add_argument('--source', type=Path, required=True)
+  parser.add_argument('--output', type=Path, required=True)
+  parser.add_argument('--baseline', default='18ded0380045c29520cf1f690688e48ebad043d8')
+  args = parser.parse_args()
+  revision = subprocess.check_output(['git', 'rev-parse', f'{args.baseline}^{{commit}}'], text=True).strip()
+  controller_path = 'openpilot/selfdrive/controls/lib/ford_model_action.py'
+  code = subprocess.check_output(['git', 'show', f'{revision}:{controller_path}'], text=True)
+  namespace = {'__name__': 'recorded_ford_controller'}
+  exec(compile(code, '<recorded_ford_controller>', 'exec'), namespace)
+  provenance = {'baseline_commit': revision, 'baseline_controller_sha256': hashlib.sha256(code.encode()).hexdigest(),
+                'candidate_controller_sha256': hashlib.sha256(Path(controller_path).read_bytes()).hexdigest(),
+                'fixed_c0_distance_m': 7.}
+  result = replay(args.source, args.output, namespace['FordModelActionController'], provenance)
+  print(json.dumps({k: v for k, v in result.items() if k != 'sources_sha256'}, indent=2))