diff --git a/openpilot/cereal/messaging/tests/test_pub_sub_master.py b/openpilot/cereal/messaging/tests/test_pub_sub_master.py
index 02f944b69f..20ff855fda 100644
--- a/openpilot/cereal/messaging/tests/test_pub_sub_master.py
+++ b/openpilot/cereal/messaging/tests/test_pub_sub_master.py
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ class TestSubMaster:
 
       for service, (max_freq, min_freq) in checks.items():
         if max_freq is not None:
+          assert min_freq is not None
           assert sm._check_avg_freq(service)
           assert sm.freq_tracker[service].max_freq == max_freq*1.2
           assert sm.freq_tracker[service].min_freq == min_freq*0.8
diff --git a/openpilot/common/swaglog.py b/openpilot/common/swaglog.py
index ac64230eed..8b629b3fba 100644
--- a/openpilot/common/swaglog.py
+++ b/openpilot/common/swaglog.py
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class SwaglogRotatingFileHandler(BaseRotatingHandler):
     self.log_files = self.get_existing_logfiles()
     log_indexes = [f.split(".")[-1] for f in self.log_files]
     self.last_file_idx = max([int(i) for i in log_indexes if i.isdigit()] or [-1])
-    self.last_rollover = None
+    self.last_rollover = 0.0
     self.doRollover()
 
   def _open(self):
diff --git a/openpilot/selfdrive/car/tests/test_models.py b/openpilot/selfdrive/car/tests/test_models.py
index 436de261e6..cda94b3158 100644
--- a/openpilot/selfdrive/car/tests/test_models.py
+++ b/openpilot/selfdrive/car/tests/test_models.py
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ class TestCarModelBase(unittest.TestCase):
 
       # Don't check relay malfunction on disabled routes (relay closed),
       # or before fingerprinting is done (elm327 and noOutput)
-      if self.openpilot_enabled and t / 1e4 > self.car_safety_mode_frame:
+      if self.car_safety_mode_frame is not None and t / 1e4 > self.car_safety_mode_frame:
         self.assertFalse(self.safety.get_relay_malfunction())
       else:
         self.safety.set_relay_malfunction(False)
diff --git a/openpilot/selfdrive/locationd/test/test_locationd_scenarios.py b/openpilot/selfdrive/locationd/test/test_locationd_scenarios.py
index 69f2ca2821..04d2d6b55b 100644
--- a/openpilot/selfdrive/locationd/test/test_locationd_scenarios.py
+++ b/openpilot/selfdrive/locationd/test/test_locationd_scenarios.py
@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@ def get_select_fields_data(logs):
   def sig_smooth(signal):
     return masked_symmetric_moving_average(signal, np.ones_like(signal), 5, 1.0)
   def get_nested_keys(msg, keys):
-    val = None
+    val = msg
     for key in keys:
-      val = getattr(msg if val is None else val, key) if isinstance(key, str) else val[key]
+      val = getattr(val, key) if isinstance(key, str) else val[key]
     return val
   lp = [x.livePose for x in logs if x.which() == 'livePose']
   data = defaultdict(list)
diff --git a/openpilot/selfdrive/ui/mici/layouts/offroad_alerts.py b/openpilot/selfdrive/ui/mici/layouts/offroad_alerts.py
index 47a2ddde95..c27e05f752 100644
--- a/openpilot/selfdrive/ui/mici/layouts/offroad_alerts.py
+++ b/openpilot/selfdrive/ui/mici/layouts/offroad_alerts.py
@@ -250,12 +250,12 @@ class MiciOffroadAlerts(Scroller):
                               {alert_data.key: self.params.get(alert_data.key) for alert_data in self.sorted_alerts})
       time.sleep(REFRESH_INTERVAL)
 
-  def _refresh(self) -> int:
+  def _refresh(self, pending_params: dict) -> int:
     """Refresh alerts from params and return active count."""
     active_count = 0
 
     # Handle UpdateAvailable alert specially
-    update_available = self._pending_params["UpdateAvailable"]
+    update_available = pending_params["UpdateAvailable"]
     update_alert_data = next((alert_data for alert_data in self.sorted_alerts if alert_data.key == "UpdateAvailable"), None)
 
     if update_alert_data:
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ class MiciOffroadAlerts(Scroller):
         version_string = ""
 
         # Get new version description and parse version and date
-        new_desc = self._pending_params["UpdaterNewDescription"] or ""
+        new_desc = pending_params["UpdaterNewDescription"] or ""
         if new_desc:
           # format: "version / branch / commit / date"
           parts = new_desc.split(" / ")
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ class MiciOffroadAlerts(Scroller):
         continue  # Skip, already handled above
 
       text = ""
-      alert_json = self._pending_params[alert_data.key]
+      alert_json = pending_params[alert_data.key]
 
       if alert_json:
         text = alert_json.get("text", "").replace("%1", alert_json.get("extra", ""))
@@ -311,8 +311,9 @@ class MiciOffroadAlerts(Scroller):
   def _update_state(self):
     """Periodically refresh alerts."""
     # Refresh alerts when thread updates params
-    if self._pending_params is not None:
-      self._refresh()
+    pending_params = self._pending_params
+    if pending_params is not None:
+      self._refresh(pending_params)
       self._pending_params = None
 
   def _render(self, rect: rl.Rectangle):
diff --git a/openpilot/selfdrive/ui/mici/widgets/button.py b/openpilot/selfdrive/ui/mici/widgets/button.py
index 1dceb79691..3dd7ad9a8a 100644
--- a/openpilot/selfdrive/ui/mici/widgets/button.py
+++ b/openpilot/selfdrive/ui/mici/widgets/button.py
@@ -375,6 +375,7 @@ class GreyBigButton(BigButton):
 class BigMultiParamToggle(BigMultiToggle):
   def __init__(self, text: str, param: str, options: list[str], toggle_callback: Callable | None = None,
                select_callback: Callable | None = None):
+    assert Params is not None
     super().__init__(text, options, toggle_callback, select_callback)
     self._param = param
 
@@ -392,6 +393,7 @@ class BigMultiParamToggle(BigMultiToggle):
 
 class BigParamControl(BigToggle):
   def __init__(self, text: str, param: str, toggle_callback: Callable | None = None):
+    assert Params is not None
     super().__init__(text, "", toggle_callback=toggle_callback)
     self.param = param
     self.params = Params()
@@ -409,6 +411,7 @@ class BigParamControl(BigToggle):
 class BigCircleParamControl(BigCircleToggle):
   def __init__(self, icon: rl.Texture, param: str, toggle_callback: Callable | None = None,
                icon_offset: tuple[int, int] = (0, 0)):
+    assert Params is not None
     super().__init__(icon, toggle_callback, icon_offset=icon_offset)
     self._param = param
     self.params = Params()
diff --git a/openpilot/selfdrive/ui/translations/update_translations.py b/openpilot/selfdrive/ui/translations/update_translations.py
index 6ff3667d8a..9b0d63ee12 100755
--- a/openpilot/selfdrive/ui/translations/update_translations.py
+++ b/openpilot/selfdrive/ui/translations/update_translations.py
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ POT_FILE = os.path.join(str(TRANSLATIONS_DIR), "app.pot")
 def update_translations():
   files = []
   for root, _, filenames in chain(os.walk(SYSTEM_UI_DIR),
-                                  os.walk(os.path.join(UI_DIR, "widgets")),
-                                  os.walk(os.path.join(UI_DIR, "layouts")),
-                                  os.walk(os.path.join(UI_DIR, "onroad"))):
+                                  os.walk(os.path.join(str(UI_DIR), "widgets")),
+                                  os.walk(os.path.join(str(UI_DIR), "layouts")),
+                                  os.walk(os.path.join(str(UI_DIR), "onroad"))):
     for filename in filenames:
       if filename.endswith(".py"):
         files.append(os.path.relpath(os.path.join(root, filename), BASEDIR))
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ def update_translations():
 
   # Generate/update translation files for each language
   for name in multilang.languages.values():
-    po_file = os.path.join(TRANSLATIONS_DIR, f"app_{name}.po")
+    po_file = os.path.join(str(TRANSLATIONS_DIR), f"app_{name}.po")
     if os.path.exists(po_file):
       merge_po(po_file, POT_FILE)
     else:
diff --git a/openpilot/system/loggerd/tests/test_loggerd.py b/openpilot/system/loggerd/tests/test_loggerd.py
index 5d8f635d96..666b56dc03 100644
--- a/openpilot/system/loggerd/tests/test_loggerd.py
+++ b/openpilot/system/loggerd/tests/test_loggerd.py
@@ -277,7 +277,9 @@ class TestLoggerd:
         assert recv_cnt == 0, f"got {recv_cnt} {s} msgs in qlog"
       else:
         # check logged message count matches decimation
-        expected_cnt = (len(msgs) - 1) // SERVICE_LIST[s].decimation + 1
+        decimation = SERVICE_LIST[s].decimation
+        assert decimation is not None
+        expected_cnt = (len(msgs) - 1) // decimation + 1
         assert recv_cnt == expected_cnt, f"expected {expected_cnt} msgs for {s}, got {recv_cnt}"
 
   def test_rlog(self):
diff --git a/openpilot/system/qcomgpsd/nmeaport.py b/openpilot/system/qcomgpsd/nmeaport.py
index 0e695b65e5..ba7cf117b1 100644
--- a/openpilot/system/qcomgpsd/nmeaport.py
+++ b/openpilot/system/qcomgpsd/nmeaport.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import sys
 from dataclasses import dataclass, fields
 from subprocess import check_output, CalledProcessError
 from time import sleep
-from typing import NoReturn
+from typing import NoReturn, cast
 
 DEBUG = int(os.environ.get("DEBUG", "0"))
 
@@ -30,7 +30,8 @@ class GnssClockNmeaPort:
   def __post_init__(self):
     for field in fields(self):
       val = getattr(self, field.name)
-      setattr(self, field.name, field.type(val) if val else None)
+      field_type = cast(type, field.type)
+      setattr(self, field.name, field_type(val) if val else None)
 
 @dataclass
 class GnssMeasNmeaPort:
@@ -73,7 +74,8 @@ class GnssMeasNmeaPort:
   def __post_init__(self):
     for field in fields(self):
       val = getattr(self, field.name)
-      setattr(self, field.name, field.type(val) if val else None)
+      field_type = cast(type, field.type)
+      setattr(self, field.name, field_type(val) if val else None)
 
 def nmea_checksum_ok(s):
   checksum = 0
diff --git a/openpilot/system/ui/lib/application.py b/openpilot/system/ui/lib/application.py
index bd2c9dfcd3..3fa47ebd20 100644
--- a/openpilot/system/ui/lib/application.py
+++ b/openpilot/system/ui/lib/application.py
@@ -823,6 +823,7 @@ class GuiApplication:
     import pstats
 
     self._render_profiler.disable()
+    assert self._render_profile_start_time is not None
     elapsed_ms = (time.monotonic() - self._render_profile_start_time) * 1e3
     avg_frame_time = elapsed_ms / self._frame if self._frame > 0 else 0
 
diff --git a/openpilot/system/ui/widgets/network.py b/openpilot/system/ui/widgets/network.py
index f104ba6add..710202c54f 100644
--- a/openpilot/system/ui/widgets/network.py
+++ b/openpilot/system/ui/widgets/network.py
@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@ class NetworkUI(Widget):
 
 class AdvancedNetworkSettings(Widget):
   def __init__(self, wifi_manager: WifiManager):
+    assert Params is not None
     super().__init__()
     self._wifi_manager = wifi_manager
     self._wifi_manager.add_callbacks(networks_updated=self._on_network_updated)
diff --git a/openpilot/tools/clip/run.py b/openpilot/tools/clip/run.py
index fa4b203862..594383f7fd 100755
--- a/openpilot/tools/clip/run.py
+++ b/openpilot/tools/clip/run.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import itertools
 import numpy as np
 import tqdm
 from argparse import ArgumentParser
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from pathlib import Path
 from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, as_completed
 
@@ -138,7 +139,7 @@ def iter_segment_frames(camera_paths, start_time, end_time, fps=20, use_qcam=Fal
   frames_per_seg = fps * 60
   start_frame, end_frame = int(start_time * fps), int(end_time * fps)
   current_seg: int = -1
-  seg_frames: FrameReader | np.ndarray | None = None
+  get_frame: Callable[[int], np.ndarray] | None = None
 
   for global_idx in range(start_frame, end_frame):
     seg_idx, local_idx = global_idx // frames_per_seg, global_idx % frames_per_seg
@@ -157,12 +158,12 @@ def iter_segment_frames(camera_paths, start_time, end_time, fps=20, use_qcam=Fal
         if result.returncode != 0:
           raise RuntimeError(f"ffmpeg failed: {result.stderr.decode()}")
         seg_frames = np.frombuffer(result.stdout, dtype=np.uint8).reshape(-1, w * h * 3 // 2)
+        get_frame = seg_frames.__getitem__
       else:
-        seg_frames = FrameReader(path, pix_fmt="nv12")
+        get_frame = FrameReader(path, pix_fmt="nv12").get
 
-    assert seg_frames is not None
-    frame = seg_frames[local_idx] if use_qcam else seg_frames.get(local_idx)
-    yield global_idx, frame
+    assert get_frame is not None
+    yield global_idx, get_frame(local_idx)
 
 
 class FrameQueue:
diff --git a/openpilot/tools/lib/comma_car_segments.py b/openpilot/tools/lib/comma_car_segments.py
index cd19356d66..b27887ed29 100644
--- a/openpilot/tools/lib/comma_car_segments.py
+++ b/openpilot/tools/lib/comma_car_segments.py
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ def get_repo_url(path):
 
   response = requests.head(get_repo_raw_url(path))
 
-  if "text/plain" in response.headers.get("content-type"):
+  if "text/plain" in response.headers.get("content-type", ""):
     # This is an LFS pointer, so download the raw data from lfs
     response = requests.get(get_repo_raw_url(path))
     assert response.status_code == 200
diff --git a/openpilot/tools/sim/bridge/metadrive/metadrive_world.py b/openpilot/tools/sim/bridge/metadrive/metadrive_world.py
index c5111289d0..54b461a46c 100644
--- a/openpilot/tools/sim/bridge/metadrive/metadrive_world.py
+++ b/openpilot/tools/sim/bridge/metadrive/metadrive_world.py
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ class MetaDriveWorld(World):
         self.op_engaged.set()
 
       # check moving 5 seconds after engaged, doesn't move right away
-      after_engaged_check = is_engaged and time.monotonic() - self.first_engage >= 5 and self.test_run
+      after_engaged_check = is_engaged and self.first_engage is not None and time.monotonic() - self.first_engage >= 5 and self.test_run
 
       x_dist = abs(curr_pos[0] - self.vehicle_last_pos[0])
       y_dist = abs(curr_pos[1] - self.vehicle_last_pos[1])
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index da04c77f1e..5c9f16d33a 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -189,11 +189,7 @@ unresolved-attribute = "ignore"  # many from capnp and Cython modules
 invalid-method-override = "ignore"  # signature variance issues
 possibly-missing-attribute = "ignore"  # too many false positives
 invalid-assignment = "ignore"  # often intentional monkey-patching
-no-matching-overload = "ignore"  # numpy/ctypes overload matching issues
 invalid-argument-type = "ignore"  # many false positives from raylib, ctypes, numpy
-call-non-callable = "ignore"  # false positives from dynamic types
-unsupported-operator = "ignore" # false positives from dynamic types
-not-subscriptable = "ignore" # false positives from dynamic types
 
 [tool.uv]
 python-preference = "only-managed"