diff --git a/openpilot/selfdrive/selfdrived/selfdrived.py b/openpilot/selfdrive/selfdrived/selfdrived.py
index dcd9aaeb45..097a9455fa 100755
--- a/openpilot/selfdrive/selfdrived/selfdrived.py
+++ b/openpilot/selfdrive/selfdrived/selfdrived.py
@@ -283,9 +283,9 @@ class SelfdriveD:
     source_ns = self.aol_car_state_log_ns
     source_current = bool(getattr(self, 'conditional_car_state_valid', False) and CS.canValid and not CS.canTimeout and
                           0 < source_ns <= now_ns and now_ns - source_ns <= INTENT_MAX_AGE_NS)
-    from openpilot.starpilot.car.gm.aol import sdgm_alpha_lateral_owner
+    from openpilot.starpilot.car.gm.aol import steering_raw_projection_owner
     pair = companion.current(self.sm, source_ns=source_ns, now_ns=now_ns, drain=False,
-                             allow_raw_projection=sdgm_alpha_lateral_owner(self.CP)) if drained else None
+                             allow_raw_projection=steering_raw_projection_owner(self.CP)) if drained else None
     if not source_current:
       pair = None
     previous_axes = self.aol_axis_decision
diff --git a/openpilot/starpilot/aol/tests/test_gm_ascm_receive_order.py b/openpilot/starpilot/aol/tests/test_gm_ascm_receive_order.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0dbb9239a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/openpilot/starpilot/aol/tests/test_gm_ascm_receive_order.py
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+"""Card's exact raw companion can precede the cached SubMaster projection."""
+from contextlib import ExitStack
+from unittest.mock import patch
+import pytest
+from opendbc.car.gm.tests.test_volt_sdgm_control import sdgm_params
+from opendbc.car.gm.tests.test_ascm_intercept import params as ascm_params
+from opendbc.car.gm.values import CAR, apply_gm_auto_hold
+from opendbc.car.structs import car
+from openpilot.cereal import log, messaging
+from openpilot.common.prefix import OpenpilotPrefix
+from openpilot.common.realtime import Ratekeeper
+from openpilot.selfdrive.car.cruise import VCruiseHelper
+from openpilot.selfdrive.car.tests.publication_fixture import initialize_publication_sources
+from openpilot.starpilot.aol.tests import test_ioniq_availability as fixture
+from openpilot.starpilot.car.gm.steering_companion import SteeringCompanion
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('c9', [False, True])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('radar', [False, True])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('hold', [False, True])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('full_op', [False, True])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('condition', ['healthy', 'sm_fault', 'sm_invalid', 'sm_wrong_source',
+                                     'sm_expired', 'sm_expired_fault', 'sm_expired_invalid', 'sm_future', 'missing_exact', 'raw_fault',
+                                     'raw_invalid', 'raw_wrong_source', 'raw_future', 'raw_expired', 'source_invalid'])
+def test_ascm_exact_card_raw_companion_survives_older_cached_projection(c9, radar, hold, full_op, condition, prepared=False):
+  from openpilot.selfdrive.car.card import Car
+  from openpilot.starpilot.aol.tests.test_gm_source_deadline import bind_steering_receipts
+  actual_recv, actual_optional = messaging.recv_one, messaging.recv_one_or_none
+  case = fixture.IoniqAvailabilityTests(methodName='runTest')
+  with ExitStack() as cleanup, OpenpilotPrefix():
+    cleanup.callback(case.doCleanups)
+    messaging.reset_context()
+    cp = ascm_params(CAR.CHEVROLET_VOLT_ASCM, sascm=True, accelerator=not c9, radar=radar, alpha=True)
+    apply_gm_auto_hold(cp, hold)
+    if prepared:
+      from openpilot.starpilot.vehicle_preferences import VehicleStartupPreferences
+      VehicleStartupPreferences(volt_one_pedal=True, gm_auto_hold=True, volt_sng=True).prepare(cp)
+      assert cp.safetyConfigs[0].safetyParam == 0xD114 and cp.flags == 16
+    sd, _, step = case._authority_callers(full_op, cp=cp)
+    from opendbc.car.gm.steering_authority import monitored_profile
+    assert monitored_profile(sd.CP) and sd.CP.openpilotLongitudinalControl and not sd.CP.pcmCruise
+    cp_before = sd.CP.to_dict()
+    step = bind_steering_receipts(sd, step, cleanup)
+    assert step(0)[0].lateralActive
+    pm = messaging.PubMaster(['carState', 'carOutput', 'starpilotCarState'])
+    sd.car_state_sock = messaging.sub_sock('carState', timeout=100)
+    sd.steering_companion = SteeringCompanion(messaging.sub_sock('starpilotCarState', conflate=False))
+    latest = messaging.sub_sock('starpilotCarState', conflate=True, timeout=100)
+    card = Car.__new__(Car)
+    card.CP, card.pm = sd.CP, pm
+    initialize_publication_sources(card)
+    authority = card.CI.CS.steering_authority
+    card.sm = messaging.SubMaster(['carControl'], ignore_avg_freq=['carControl'])
+    neutral = messaging.new_message('carControl', valid=True, logMonoTime=10_000_000_000)
+    card.sm.update_msgs(10., [neutral.as_reader()])
+    card.sm.frame = 1
+    card.car_params_published = True
+    card.last_actuators_output = car.CarControl.Actuators.new_message()
+    card.slc_replay = card.curve_replay = card.aol_replay = False
+    card.can_rcv_cum_timeout_counter = 0
+    card.rk = Ratekeeper(100., print_delay_threshold=None)
+    card.v_cruise_helper = VCruiseHelper(card.CP)
+    source = 10_010_000_000
+    now = source + (31_000_000 if condition == 'raw_expired' else 4_000_000)
+    older = now - (33_000_000 if condition.startswith('sm_expired') else 10_000_000)
+    original_message = messaging.new_message
+
+    def publish(stamp, *, fault=False, valid=True, enabled=True):
+      authority.enabled, authority.latched = enabled, fault
+      cs = fixture.car_state()
+      cs.canValid = valid
+      cs.cruiseState.available = True
+      with patch('openpilot.selfdrive.car.card.messaging.new_message', side_effect=lambda *a, **kw:
+                 original_message(*a, **dict(kw, logMonoTime=stamp))):
+        card.state_publish(cs, None)
+
+    publish(older, fault=condition in ('sm_fault','sm_expired_fault'), valid=condition not in ('sm_invalid','sm_expired_invalid'))
+    assert actual_recv(sd.car_state_sock).logMonoTime == older
+    cached = actual_recv(latest).as_builder()
+    assert cached.logMonoTime == older
+    if condition == 'sm_wrong_source':
+      cached.starpilotCarState.sourceCarStateMonoTime -= 1
+    if condition == 'sm_future':
+      cached.logMonoTime = now + 1
+      cached.starpilotCarState.sourceCarStateMonoTime = now + 1
+
+    def receive_first(sock):
+      publish(source, fault=condition == 'raw_fault', enabled=condition != 'missing_exact', valid=condition != 'source_invalid')
+      first = actual_recv(sock)
+      assert first.logMonoTime == source
+      return first
+
+    def receive_cached(_timeout):
+      sd.sm.update_msgs(now / 1e9, [cached.as_reader()])
+
+    def receive_raw(sock):
+      if sock is sd.car_state_sock:
+        return None
+      message = actual_optional(sock)
+      if message is not None and message.logMonoTime == source and condition in ('raw_invalid', 'raw_wrong_source', 'raw_future'):
+        message = message.as_builder()
+        if condition == 'raw_invalid':
+          message.valid = False
+        elif condition == 'raw_wrong_source':
+          message.starpilotCarState.sourceCarStateMonoTime -= 1
+        else:
+          message.logMonoTime = now + 1
+          message.starpilotCarState.sourceCarStateMonoTime = now + 1
+        return message.as_reader()
+      return message
+
+    sd.sm.update.side_effect = receive_cached
+    with patch('openpilot.selfdrive.selfdrived.selfdrived.messaging.recv_one', side_effect=receive_first), \
+         patch('openpilot.starpilot.car.gm.steering_companion.messaging.recv_one_or_none', side_effect=receive_raw), \
+         patch('openpilot.selfdrive.selfdrived.selfdrived.time.monotonic_ns', return_value=now):
+      axis, _, cc = step(1)
+    assert sd.CP.to_dict() == cp_before
+    healthy = condition in ('healthy', 'sm_expired')
+    assert axis.sourceCarStateMonoTime == (0 if condition in ('raw_expired', 'source_invalid') else source)
+    assert bool(axis.lateralActive) == healthy and bool(cc.latActive) == healthy
+    assert bool(cc.longActive) == (healthy and full_op)
+    assert (log.OnroadEvent.EventName.controlsMismatch in sd.events.names) == (not healthy)
+    if healthy:
+      assert sd.sm.logMonoTime['starpilotCarState'] == older
+      assert sd.steering_companion.samples[source][0] == source
+      assert axis.validUntilMonoTime == axis.observedMonoTime + 30_000_000
+
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('c9', [False, True])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('radar', [False, True])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('hold', [False, True])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('alternative_experience', [32, 96])
+def test_raw_projection_owner_keeps_exact_nonpedal_scope(c9, radar, hold, alternative_experience):
+  from openpilot.starpilot.car.gm.aol import steering_raw_projection_owner
+  cp = ascm_params(CAR.CHEVROLET_VOLT_ASCM, sascm=True, accelerator=not c9, radar=radar, alpha=True)
+  cp.alternativeExperience = alternative_experience
+  apply_gm_auto_hold(cp, hold)
+  original = cp.to_dict()
+  assert steering_raw_projection_owner(cp) == (alternative_experience == 32)
+  for fault in ('unknown_ae', 'passive', 'dashcam', 'not_car', 'wrong_word', 'wrong_model', 'wrong_brand', 'wrong_identity', 'extra_panda'):
+    invalid = cp.as_reader().as_builder()
+    if fault == 'unknown_ae':
+      invalid.alternativeExperience = 0xFF
+    elif fault == 'passive':
+      invalid.passive = True
+    elif fault == 'dashcam':
+      invalid.dashcamOnly = True
+    elif fault == 'not_car':
+      invalid.notCar = True
+    elif fault == 'wrong_word':
+      invalid.safetyConfigs[0].safetyParam = 0xFFFF
+    elif fault == 'wrong_model':
+      invalid.safetyConfigs[0].safetyModel = 'silent'
+    elif fault == 'wrong_brand':
+      invalid.brand = 'toyota'
+    elif fault == 'wrong_identity':
+      invalid.carFingerprint = 'UNKNOWN_VOLT'
+    else:
+      invalid.safetyConfigs = [invalid.safetyConfigs[0].to_dict()] * 2
+    assert not steering_raw_projection_owner(invalid), fault
+  ordinary = cp.as_reader().as_builder()
+  ordinary.alternativeExperience = 0
+  assert steering_raw_projection_owner(ordinary)
+  assert cp.to_dict() == original
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('topology', ['camera', 'gateway', 'ascm', 'sdgm'])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('alpha', [False, True])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('be', [False, True])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('release', [False, True])
+def test_raw_projection_owner_excludes_separate_pedal_profiles(topology, alpha, be, release):
+  from opendbc.car.gm.tests import test_volt_transitions as factory
+  from openpilot.starpilot.car.gm.aol import steering_raw_projection_owner
+  options = {'alpha': alpha, 'be': be, 'release': release}
+  if topology in ('ascm', 'sdgm'):
+    options['sascm'] = True
+  cp = getattr(factory, 'volt_' + topology + '_pedal_params')(**options)
+  cp.alternativeExperience = 32
+  assert not steering_raw_projection_owner(cp)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('sdgm', [False, True])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('alpha,sascm', [(False, True), (True, False)])
+def test_raw_projection_owner_excludes_stock_and_missing_sascm(sdgm, alpha, sascm):
+  from openpilot.starpilot.car.gm.aol import steering_raw_projection_owner
+  cp = sdgm_params(alpha=alpha, sascm=sascm) if sdgm else ascm_params(CAR.CHEVROLET_VOLT_ASCM, alpha=alpha, sascm=sascm)
+  cp.alternativeExperience = 32
+  assert not steering_raw_projection_owner(cp)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('full_op', [False, True])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('condition', ['healthy', 'sm_expired', 'sm_expired_fault', 'raw_fault'])
+def test_recorded_sascm_one_pedal_hold_configuration(full_op, condition):
+  test_ascm_exact_card_raw_companion_survives_older_cached_projection(False, True, True, full_op, condition, prepared=True)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('sdgm', [False, True])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('c9', [False, True])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('initial_active', [False, True])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('condition', ['sm_expired', 'sm_expired_fault', 'raw_fault', 'source_invalid', 'raw_expired'])
+def test_normal_control_receipts_with_aol_disabled(sdgm, c9, initial_active, condition):
+  from openpilot.common.params import Params
+  from openpilot.selfdrive.car.card import Car
+  from openpilot.selfdrive.controls.controlsd import Controls
+  from openpilot.selfdrive.selfdrived.selfdrived import SelfdriveD
+  from openpilot.selfdrive.selfdrived.events import Events
+  from openpilot.selfdrive.selfdrived.state import StateMachine
+  from openpilot.starpilot.aol.runtime import AxisDecision
+  from openpilot.starpilot.lateral.tests.test_lane_runtime import feed
+
+  with OpenpilotPrefix():
+    cp = sdgm_params(alpha=True, brake_c9=c9) if sdgm else ascm_params(
+      CAR.CHEVROLET_VOLT_ASCM, sascm=True, accelerator=not c9, radar=True, alpha=True)
+    assert cp.alternativeExperience == 0
+    saved = Params()
+    saved.put_bool('OpenpilotEnabledToggle', True, block=True)
+    saved.put_bool('AlwaysOnLateral', False, block=True)
+    saved.put('CarParams', cp.to_bytes(), block=True)
+    controls = Controls()
+    assert not controls.aol_replay
+    pm = messaging.PubMaster(['carState', 'carOutput', 'starpilotCarState'])
+    cs_sock = messaging.sub_sock('carState', timeout=100)
+    raw_sock = messaging.sub_sock('starpilotCarState', conflate=False)
+    cached_sock = messaging.sub_sock('starpilotCarState', conflate=True, timeout=100)
+    card = Car.__new__(Car)
+    card.CP, card.pm = cp, pm
+    initialize_publication_sources(card)
+    card.sm = messaging.SubMaster(['carControl'], ignore_avg_freq=['carControl'])
+    card.sm.update_msgs(10.0, [messaging.new_message('carControl', valid=True, logMonoTime=10_000_000_000).as_reader()])
+    card.sm.frame = 1
+    card.car_params_published = True
+    card.last_actuators_output = car.CarControl.Actuators.new_message()
+    card.slc_replay = card.curve_replay = card.aol_replay = False
+    card.can_rcv_cum_timeout_counter = 0
+    card.rk = Ratekeeper(100.0, print_delay_threshold=None)
+    card.v_cruise_helper = VCruiseHelper(cp)
+    now = 10_100_000_000
+    source = now - (31_000_000 if condition == 'raw_expired' else 4_000_000)
+    old = now - 33_000_000
+    actual_message = messaging.new_message
+
+    def publish(stamp, *, fault=False, valid=True):
+      cs = fixture.car_state()
+      cs.canValid = valid
+      card.CI.CS.steering_authority.latched = fault
+      with patch('openpilot.selfdrive.car.card.messaging.new_message', side_effect=lambda *a, **kw: actual_message(*a, **dict(kw, logMonoTime=stamp))):
+        card.state_publish(cs, None)
+      received = messaging.recv_one(cs_sock)
+      assert received.logMonoTime == stamp
+      return received
+
+    publish(old, fault=condition == 'sm_expired_fault')
+    cached = messaging.recv_one(cached_sock)
+    sm = messaging.SubMaster(['starpilotCarState'], ignore_avg_freq=['starpilotCarState'])
+    sm.update_msgs(now / 1e9, [cached])
+    latest = publish(source, fault=condition == 'raw_fault', valid=condition != 'source_invalid')
+    sd = SelfdriveD.__new__(SelfdriveD)
+    sd.CP, sd.sm = cp.as_reader(), sm
+    sd.active = initial_active
+    sd.aol_axis_decision = AxisDecision()
+    sd.aol_car_state_log_ns = source
+    sd.conditional_car_state_valid = True
+    sd.steering_authority_unavailable = False
+    sd.steering_companion = SteeringCompanion(raw_sock)
+    sd.events = Events()
+    with patch('openpilot.selfdrive.selfdrived.selfdrived.REPLAY', False), \
+         patch('openpilot.selfdrive.selfdrived.selfdrived.time.monotonic_ns', return_value=now):
+      sd._update_steering_authority(latest.carState)
+    healthy = condition == 'sm_expired'
+    machine = StateMachine()
+    machine.state = log.SelfdriveState.OpenpilotState.enabled if initial_active else log.SelfdriveState.OpenpilotState.disabled
+    enabled, active = machine.update(sd.events)
+    for tick in range(10):
+      feed(controls, now - (10 - tick) * 10_000_000, tick, enabled=False, active=False)
+    feed(controls, now, 10, enabled=enabled, active=active)
+    controls.sm.update_msgs(now / 1e9, [latest])
+    with patch('openpilot.selfdrive.controls.controlsd.time.monotonic_ns', return_value=now):
+      command, _ = controls.state_control()
+    assert command.latActive == command.longActive == (healthy and initial_active)
+    assert active == enabled == (healthy and initial_active)
+    assert not controls.CP.alternativeExperience and not saved.get_bool('AlwaysOnLateral')
+    if initial_active:
+      assert (log.OnroadEvent.EventName.controlsMismatch in sd.events.names) == (not healthy)
diff --git a/openpilot/starpilot/aol/tests/test_gm_lag_episode_recovery.py b/openpilot/starpilot/aol/tests/test_gm_lag_episode_recovery.py
index 51869a545e..743dac2187 100644
--- a/openpilot/starpilot/aol/tests/test_gm_lag_episode_recovery.py
+++ b/openpilot/starpilot/aol/tests/test_gm_lag_episode_recovery.py
@@ -25,7 +25,10 @@ def test_long_isolated_lag_recovery_keeps_only_existing_intent(c9, alpha):
         axis, _, command = drive(tick, cs, allowed=tick == 2, native_request_lat=tick == 2)
       assert not axis.lateralActive and not axis.longitudinalActive
       assert not command.latActive and not command.longActive
-      assert str(axis.faultReason) == 'critical'
+      assert str(axis.faultReason) == 'availabilityPause'
+      assert axis.faultSessionId == sd.aol_session_id and not axis.nativeAcknowledged
+      assert axis.sourceCarStateMonoTime == BASE + tick * 10_000_000
+      assert sd.aol_published_fault_proof is None
       assert not axis.desiredLateral and not axis.desiredLongitudinal
       assert axis.validUntilMonoTime == axis.observedMonoTime + 30_000_000
       if event_ns is None:
@@ -64,7 +67,9 @@ def test_stock_pcm_off_lag_never_exempts_other_rejection(bad):
     assert card.aol_card_intent.allowed_latch and not command.latActive
     cs = parse(3, 'cancel' if bad == 'cancel' else 'none', main=bad != 'main_off')
     cs.doorOpen = bad == 'door'
-    options = {'critical_event': log.OnroadEvent.EventName.processNotRunning} if bad == 'other_fault' else {}
+    # processNotRunning is a SOFT availability pause. This negative case must
+    # inject the actual immediate fault whose disarm behavior it protects.
+    options = {'critical_event': log.OnroadEvent.EventName.controlsMismatch} if bad == 'other_fault' else {}
     with mock.patch.object(sd.rk.avg_dt, 'get_average', return_value=.02):
       axis, _, command = drive(3, cs, allowed=False, native_request_lat=False, native_valid=bad != 'native_invalid', **options)
     if bad == 'epoch':
@@ -73,4 +78,10 @@ def test_stock_pcm_off_lag_never_exempts_other_rejection(bad):
       sd.pm.messages['aolAxisState'] = wire.as_reader()
     deliver_card(card, sd, controls, cs, 3)
     assert not command.latActive and not command.longActive
-    assert not card.aol_card_intent.allowed_latch
+    if bad == 'cancel':
+      # GM's ordinary Cancel withdraws LONG; MAIN still owns lateral intent.
+      assert card.aol_card_intent.allowed_latch and not card.aol_card_intent._main_cycle_required
+      assert any(str(event.type) == 'cancel' and event.pressed for event in cs.buttonEvents)
+      assert not axis.longitudinalActive and not sd.events.contains('enable')
+    else:
+      assert not card.aol_card_intent.allowed_latch
diff --git a/openpilot/starpilot/aol/tests/test_gm_route18e_recovery.py b/openpilot/starpilot/aol/tests/test_gm_route18e_recovery.py
index d551d8177f..39f0b5cae6 100644
--- a/openpilot/starpilot/aol/tests/test_gm_route18e_recovery.py
+++ b/openpilot/starpilot/aol/tests/test_gm_route18e_recovery.py
@@ -58,7 +58,8 @@ def test_cold_main_waits_for_host_readiness_but_keeps_real_faults(event):
     original_events = sd.update_events
     axis, state, command = drive(0, observed_state=cs, native_request_lat=False, native_request_long=False,
                                 allowed=False, long_allowed=False, critical_event=event)
-    temporary = event in (EventName.commIssue, EventName.commIssueAvgFreq, EventName.locationdTemporaryError)
+    temporary = event != EventName.controlsMismatch
+    assert any(e.name == event and (e.softDisable if temporary else e.immediateDisable) for e in sd.events.to_msg())
     assert str(axis.faultReason) == ('availabilityPause' if temporary else 'critical')
     assert not command.latActive and not command.longActive and not state.enabled
     deliver_card(card, sd, controls, cs, 0)
diff --git a/openpilot/starpilot/aol/tests/test_stock_lateral_lag_gap_sequence.py b/openpilot/starpilot/aol/tests/test_stock_lateral_lag_gap_sequence.py
index 56053314ff..1b745a05ad 100644
--- a/openpilot/starpilot/aol/tests/test_stock_lateral_lag_gap_sequence.py
+++ b/openpilot/starpilot/aol/tests/test_stock_lateral_lag_gap_sequence.py
@@ -34,11 +34,14 @@ def test_stock_lat_intent_fresh_lag_then_source_gap_then_recovery(family):
     with mock.patch.object(sd.rk.avg_dt, 'get_average', return_value=0.02):
       lag, state, command = drive(3, state_stamp=first, **settings('lateral_only', first, 4))
       assert not state.enabled and not state.active and not command.latActive and not command.longActive
-      assert str(lag.faultReason) == 'critical' and lag.sourceCarStateMonoTime == first
+      assert str(lag.faultReason) == 'availabilityPause' and lag.sourceCarStateMonoTime == first
       assert not lag.lateralActive and not lag.longitudinalActive and not lag.nativeAcknowledged
-      witness = sd.aol_published_fault_proof
-      assert witness is not None and len(witness) == 9 and not any(witness[4:])
-      assert witness[0] == sd.aol_session_id and witness[1] == 'critical' and witness[2] == lag.faultEventMonoTime
+      assert not lag.desiredLateral and not lag.desiredLongitudinal
+      assert lag.faultSessionId == sd.aol_session_id and lag.faultEventMonoTime == first
+      assert lag.validUntilMonoTime == lag.observedMonoTime + 30_000_000
+      # SOFT availability is not a fabricated critical/user-disable witness.
+      assert sd.aol_published_fault_proof is None
+      assert sd.aol_published_stock_lateral_proof is None
       users = [e for e in sd.events.to_msg() if e.userDisable]
       expected = log.OnroadEvent.EventName.cruiseDisabled if family == 'honda' else log.OnroadEvent.EventName.pcmDisable
       assert users and all(e.name == expected and not e.softDisable and not e.immediateDisable for e in users)
diff --git a/openpilot/starpilot/aol/tests/test_temporary_lag_intent.py b/openpilot/starpilot/aol/tests/test_temporary_lag_intent.py
index 5207d64dd2..bd28a2f1f7 100644
--- a/openpilot/starpilot/aol/tests/test_temporary_lag_intent.py
+++ b/openpilot/starpilot/aol/tests/test_temporary_lag_intent.py
@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@ def test_actual_isolated_lag_keeps_only_existing_card_intent(full_op, gas, order
       axis, state, command = drive(2, gas=gas, native_request_long=full_op)
     # Already engaged ordinary axes follow the normal SOFT countdown with
     # fresh inputs/native grants; independent AOL still withdraws commands.
-    assert str(axis.faultReason) == ('none' if full_op else 'critical')
+    assert str(axis.faultReason) == ('none' if full_op else 'availabilityPause')
+    assert sd.aol_published_fault_proof is None
     assert axis.lateralActive == axis.longitudinalActive == full_op
     assert command.latActive == command.longActive == full_op
     assert axis.desiredLateral == axis.desiredLongitudinal == axis.nativeAcknowledged == full_op
@@ -41,13 +42,16 @@ def test_actual_isolated_lag_keeps_only_existing_card_intent(full_op, gas, order
     assert proof.aolAxisState.faultEventMonoTime == event.logMonoTime
     deliveries = [{'axis': proof}, {'event': event}] if order == 'axis_first' else \
                  [{'event': event}, {'axis': proof}] if order == 'event_first' else [{'axis': proof, 'event': event}]
-    # Independent critical joins retain only intent under the fixed join.
+    # Independent warning joins retain only intent under the fixed join.
     # Ordinary fresh proofs retain their actual current acknowledged axes.
     for index, delivery in enumerate(deliveries):
       latched = receive(10_020_000_000 + index * 100_000, **delivery)
       if not full_op and order == 'axis_first' and index == 0:
         assert feedback.pending_event == proof.aolAxisState.faultEventMonoTime
         assert feedback.awaiting
+        anchor = feedback.pending_event
+        assert receive(10_020_050_000, axis=proof)
+        assert feedback.pending_event == anchor and proof.aolAxisState.validUntilMonoTime == 10_050_000_000
       assert latched and not feedback.failed
     observed = (feedback.lateral_baseline_ns, feedback.lateral_source_ns,
                 feedback.lateral_native_ns, feedback.healthy_feedback_ns, feedback.healthy_native_ns)
@@ -122,8 +126,14 @@ def test_temporary_lag_never_masks_real_fault_or_invalid_proof(fault):
       card.aol_card_intent.settings = replace(card.aol_card_intent.settings, enabled=False)
     now = 10_020_000_000 if fault != 'axis_deadline' else 10_050_000_001
     assert not command.latActive and not command.longActive
-    assert not receive(now, axis=proof.as_reader(), event=event.as_reader(), state=state)
-    assert not card.aol_card_intent.allowed_latch
+    retained = receive(now, axis=proof.as_reader(), event=event.as_reader(), state=state)
+    soft_only = fault in ('process_failure', 'overheat')
+    assert retained == soft_only and card.aol_card_intent.allowed_latch == soft_only
+    if soft_only:
+      assert str(proof.aolAxisState.faultReason) == 'availabilityPause'
+      assert not axis.lateralActive and not axis.longitudinalActive and not axis.nativeAcknowledged
+      assert not sd.aol_authority_lost and sd.aol_published_fault_proof is None
+      assert card.aol_transport_feedback.ordinary_warning_qualified
 
 
 def test_persistent_lag_keeps_latch_but_ordinary_countdown_still_disables():
@@ -144,7 +154,8 @@ def test_persistent_lag_keeps_latch_but_ordinary_countdown_still_disables():
         ordinary_active = tick < 302
         assert state.enabled == state.active == ordinary_active
         assert sd.state_machine.soft_disable_timer == max(0, 302 - tick)
-        assert str(axis.faultReason) == ('none' if ordinary_active else 'critical')
+        assert str(axis.faultReason) == ('none' if ordinary_active else 'availabilityPause')
+        assert sd.aol_published_fault_proof is None
         assert axis.desiredLateral == axis.desiredLongitudinal == axis.nativeAcknowledged == ordinary_active
         assert axis.lateralActive == command.latActive == ordinary_active
         # LONG never activates: this fixture deliberately keeps native's
@@ -194,7 +205,8 @@ def test_persistent_lag_does_not_mask_native_controls_mismatch():
     assert not card.aol_card_intent.allowed_latch
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize('failure', ['missing_event', 'hard_event', 'wrong_event', 'session', 'inventory'])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('failure', ['missing_event', 'hard_event', 'wrong_event', 'session', 'inventory',
+                                     'producer', 'epoch', 'source_stale', 'new_occurrence'])
 def test_axis_first_critical_join_never_masks_missing_or_hard_occurrence(failure):
   case = fixture.IoniqAvailabilityTests(methodName='runTest')
   with ExitStack() as cleanup:
@@ -204,6 +216,8 @@ def test_axis_first_critical_join_never_masks_missing_or_hard_occurrence(failure
     with mock.patch.object(type(sd.rk), 'lagging', new_callable=mock.PropertyMock, return_value=True):
       axis, _, command = drive(2, native_request_long=False)
     proof = sd.pm.messages['aolAxisState'].as_builder()
+    assert str(proof.aolAxisState.faultReason) == 'availabilityPause'
+    assert sd.aol_published_fault_proof is None
     assert receive(10_020_000_000, axis=proof.as_reader())
     anchor = card.aol_transport_feedback.pending_event
     assert anchor == proof.aolAxisState.faultEventMonoTime
@@ -224,6 +238,16 @@ def test_axis_first_critical_join_never_masks_missing_or_hard_occurrence(failure
     elif failure == 'session':
       proof.aolAxisState.sessionId = proof.aolAxisState.faultSessionId = 'other-session'
       delivery = {'axis': proof.as_reader(), 'event': event.as_reader()}
+    elif failure in ('producer', 'epoch', 'source_stale', 'new_occurrence'):
+      if failure == 'producer':
+        proof.aolAxisState.intentProducerSessionId = 'other-card'
+      elif failure == 'epoch':
+        proof.aolAxisState.intentIntegrityEpoch += 1
+      elif failure == 'source_stale':
+        proof.aolAxisState.sourceCarStateMonoTime -= 30_000_001
+      else:
+        proof.aolAxisState.faultEventMonoTime += 1
+      delivery = {'axis': proof.as_reader(), 'event': event.as_reader()}
     else:
       from dataclasses import replace
       from openpilot.cereal import messaging
diff --git a/openpilot/starpilot/aol/tests/test_volt_lag_pedal_intent.py b/openpilot/starpilot/aol/tests/test_volt_lag_pedal_intent.py
index a97b247edb..ccde2f25dd 100644
--- a/openpilot/starpilot/aol/tests/test_volt_lag_pedal_intent.py
+++ b/openpilot/starpilot/aol/tests/test_volt_lag_pedal_intent.py
@@ -100,7 +100,10 @@ def test_parsed_pedal_lag_keeps_intent_without_renewing_authority(pedal, order,
     cs = parse(2, pedal)
     with mock.patch.object(sd.rk.avg_dt, 'get_average', return_value=.02):
       axis, _, command = drive(2, cs)
-    assert not command.latActive and not command.longActive and str(axis.faultReason) == 'critical'
+    assert not command.latActive and not command.longActive and str(axis.faultReason) == 'availabilityPause'
+    assert not axis.lateralActive and not axis.longitudinalActive and not axis.nativeAcknowledged
+    assert axis.faultSessionId == sd.aol_session_id and axis.faultEventMonoTime == BASE + 20_000_000
+    assert sd.aol_published_fault_proof is None
     assert not axis.desiredLateral and not axis.desiredLongitudinal
     proof, event = sd.pm.messages['aolAxisState'], sd.pm.messages['onroadEvents']
     if order != 'together':
@@ -183,8 +186,19 @@ def test_pedal_overlap_never_bypasses_other_rejection(bad):
       setattr(cs, {'can_invalid': 'canValid', 'permanent_eps': 'steerFaultPermanent',
                    'door': 'doorOpen', 'belt': 'seatbeltUnlatched'}[bad], bad != 'can_invalid')
     sd.pm.messages['aolAxisState'] = proof.as_reader()
+    baseline = (card.aol_transport_feedback.lateral_baseline_ns, card.aol_transport_feedback.lateral_source_ns,
+                card.aol_transport_feedback.lateral_native_ns)
     deliver_card(card, sd, controls, cs, 2)
-    assert not card.aol_card_intent.allowed_latch
+    intent_only = bad in ('commIssue', 'processNotRunning', 'native_long', 'belt')
+    assert card.aol_card_intent.allowed_latch == intent_only
+    if intent_only:
+      # Qualified SOFT withdrawal retains intent, never an output permission.
+      assert str(proof.aolAxisState.faultReason) == 'availabilityPause'
+      assert not proof.aolAxisState.lateralActive and not proof.aolAxisState.longitudinalActive
+      assert not proof.aolAxisState.nativeAcknowledged
+      assert not card.sm['carControl'].latActive and not card.sm['carControl'].longActive
+      assert baseline == (card.aol_transport_feedback.lateral_baseline_ns, card.aol_transport_feedback.lateral_source_ns,
+                          card.aol_transport_feedback.lateral_native_ns)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize('pedal', ['brake', 'regen'])
diff --git a/openpilot/starpilot/aol/transport_pause.py b/openpilot/starpilot/aol/transport_pause.py
index 86acfd62dd..73032b28c0 100644
--- a/openpilot/starpilot/aol/transport_pause.py
+++ b/openpilot/starpilot/aol/transport_pause.py
@@ -301,6 +301,7 @@ class TransportPauseFeedback:
     self.source_retention_started_ns = 0
     self.ordinary_warning_retained = False
     self.ordinary_warning_qualified = False
+    self.ordinary_warning_pending_baseline = None
     self.healthy_feedback_ns = 0
     self.healthy_native_ns = 0
     self.healthy_inventory = None
@@ -366,7 +367,9 @@ class TransportPauseFeedback:
     from openpilot.starpilot.nostalgia import physical_cancel
     from opendbc.car import structs
 
-    if (not latched or self.failed or self.paused or self.pending_event or self.retention_started_ns or
+    pending_baseline = self.ordinary_warning_pending_baseline
+    pending = bool(pending_baseline is not None and self.pending_event)
+    if (not latched or self.failed or self.paused or self.pending_event and not pending or self.retention_started_ns or
         not self.session or not self.lateral_baseline_ns or not self.lateral_inventory or
         not policy_for(cp).intent_supported or
         policy_for(cp).cruise_main_required and not cs.cruiseState.available or
@@ -389,7 +392,8 @@ class TransportPauseFeedback:
       return False
     warning = any(event.softDisable for event in events)
     recovering = bool(getattr(self, 'ordinary_warning_retained', False) and not warning)
-    if not warning and not recovering:
+    if pending and (axis.faultEventMonoTime != self.pending_event or
+        not 0 < self.pending_event <= now_ns or now_ns - self.pending_event > AXIS_MAX_AGE_NS):
       return False
     stock_user = stock_lateral_user_event(cp)
     # Physical withdrawals still go through the family button/pedal owner.
@@ -400,7 +404,19 @@ class TransportPauseFeedback:
           cp.brand == 'gm' and 0 < self.gm_withdrawal_ns == event_ns <= now_ns and
           now_ns - event_ns <= SAFETY_MAX_AGE_NS)) for event in events):
       return False
-    prior = self.signature
+    prior = pending_baseline if pending else self.signature
+    # The typed SOFT withdrawal may precede its event socket. Hold only intent
+    # under the fixed original 30ms join until that exact event arrives.
+    # No duplicate or newer withdrawal can move the pending occurrence.
+    axis_first = bool(str(axis.faultReason) == 'availabilityPause' and
+      not (axis.lateralActive or axis.longitudinalActive or axis.desiredLateral or
+           axis.desiredLongitudinal or axis.nativeAcknowledged) and
+      prior is not None and prior[5] == 'none' and prior[9] and prior[11] and prior[13] and
+      prior[14:16] == (producer, self.availability_epoch) and
+      0 < prior[8] <= now_ns and (pending or now_ns <= prior[4] and now_ns - prior[8] <= AXIS_MAX_AGE_NS) and
+      event_ns < axis.faultEventMonoTime <= stamp and now_ns - axis.faultEventMonoTime <= AXIS_MAX_AGE_NS)
+    if not warning and not recovering and not axis_first:
+      return False
     active_join = bool(warning and prior is not None and str(axis.faultReason) == 'none' and
       axis.lateralActive and axis.desiredLateral and axis.nativeAcknowledged and
       prior[9] and prior[11] and prior[13] and prior[14:16] == (producer, self.availability_epoch) and
@@ -410,16 +426,27 @@ class TransportPauseFeedback:
       not axis.desiredLongitudinal and
       (warning and str(axis.faultReason) == 'availabilityPause' and axis.faultEventMonoTime == event_ns <= stamp or
        recovering and str(axis.faultReason) == 'none'))
-    if not active_join and not withdrawn:
+    if not active_join and not withdrawn and not axis_first:
+      return False
+    if pending and not axis_first and not (withdrawn and warning and event_ns == self.pending_event):
       return False
     native = _configured_transport_native(sm, cp, self.session, now_ns,
-      allow_restricted_lateral=withdrawn or bool(cs.steerFaultTemporary),
-      require_longitudinal=not withdrawn)
+      allow_restricted_lateral=withdrawn or axis_first or bool(cs.steerFaultTemporary),
+      require_longitudinal=not (withdrawn or axis_first))
     if (native is None or not native.pandaInventory or
         (native.pandaSerial, tuple(slot.hardwareSerial for slot in native.pandaInventory)) != self.lateral_inventory or
         native.observedMonoTime < self.lateral_native_ns or
         active_join and not (native.requestedLateral and native.lateralAllowed)):
       return False
+    if axis_first:
+      if not pending:
+        self.pending_event = int(axis.faultEventMonoTime)
+        self.ordinary_warning_pending_baseline = prior
+      self.awaiting = True
+      return True
+    if pending:
+      self.pending_event = 0
+      self.ordinary_warning_pending_baseline = None
     self.ordinary_warning_retained = True
     return True
 
@@ -879,7 +906,8 @@ class TransportPauseFeedback:
        # Unmatched joins retain pending_event; every other critical path fails
        # and clears the LAT-only baseline before changing the signature.
        self.lateral_only_baseline and not self.failed and not self.pending_event and
-       previous[5] == 'critical' and previous[1] == self.sequence and not any(previous[9:14]) and
+       (previous[5] == 'critical' or previous[5] == 'availabilityPause' and self.ordinary_warning_retained) and
+       previous[1] == self.sequence and not any(previous[9:14]) and
        0 < previous[6] <= previous[2] <= axis.faultEventMonoTime and
        0 < self.lateral_source_ns <= previous[8] <= previous[2] and
        previous[2] - previous[8] <= AXIS_MAX_AGE_NS and
@@ -1006,7 +1034,8 @@ class TransportPauseFeedback:
     output_missing = not (sm.seen['aolAxisState'] and sm.valid['aolAxisState'] and sm.alive['aolAxisState'])
     # The same exclusive matched-lag signature invariant as typed retention:
     # unknown critical joins keep pending_event; other critical paths fail.
-    matched_lag = bool(str(axis.faultReason) == 'critical' and signature == self.signature and
+    matched_lag = bool((str(axis.faultReason) == 'critical' or
+      str(axis.faultReason) == 'availabilityPause' and self.ordinary_warning_retained) and signature == self.signature and
       self.lateral_only_baseline and not self.failed and not self.pending_event and
       signature[0] == self.session and signature[7] == self.session and signature[1] == self.sequence and
       signature[14] == producer == self.availability_producer and signature[15] == self.availability_epoch and
@@ -1167,6 +1196,7 @@ class TransportPauseFeedback:
       axis = sm['aolAxisState']
       if not latched or cp_identity(cp) != self.cp or self.session and str(axis.sessionId) != self.session:
         self.ordinary_warning_retained = False
+        self.ordinary_warning_pending_baseline = None
         self.temporary_eps_event_ns = 0
         self.ccnc_main_off_source_ns = 0
         self.cold_park_waiting = False
diff --git a/openpilot/starpilot/car/gm/aol.py b/openpilot/starpilot/car/gm/aol.py
index 1341a59de6..8b45cdf1a7 100644
--- a/openpilot/starpilot/car/gm/aol.py
+++ b/openpilot/starpilot/car/gm/aol.py
@@ -48,6 +48,12 @@ def sdgm_alpha_lateral_owner(cp) -> bool:
   return bool(qualified_gm(cp) and aol_enabled(cp) and is_volt_sdgm_accepted_envelope(cp))
 
 
+def steering_raw_projection_owner(cp) -> bool:
+  """Qualified non-pedal Volt owners consume their exact raw steering receipt."""
+  from opendbc.car.gm.steering_authority import monitored_profile
+  return bool(qualified_gm(cp) and monitored_profile(cp))
+
+
 def sdgm_alpha_pedal_withdrawal(cp, cs) -> bool:
   """Physical LONG withdrawal for the 2019 SASCM Alpha configuration."""
   from opendbc.car.gm.values import is_volt_sdgm_accepted_envelope
@@ -192,7 +198,7 @@ def cold_main_readiness(cp, cs, native, events, *, recovering=False):
   """A MAIN request may wait for host startup without acquiring either axis."""
   from openpilot.cereal import log
   names = (log.OnroadEvent.EventName.commIssue, log.OnroadEvent.EventName.commIssueAvgFreq,
-           log.OnroadEvent.EventName.locationdTemporaryError)
+           log.OnroadEvent.EventName.locationdTemporaryError, log.OnroadEvent.EventName.processNotRunning)
   faults = [event for event in events if event.softDisable or event.immediateDisable]
   host_wait = not faults if recovering else bool(faults and
     all(event.softDisable and not event.immediateDisable and event.name in names for event in faults))
diff --git a/prebuilt.json b/prebuilt.json
index 61011256d4..57ce7bc3ab 100644
--- a/prebuilt.json
+++ b/prebuilt.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"protected_inventory_sha256": "4e1b9257513a6301cec583c3e21e83ebbdd48f727008bcf0294fc8efdeab75a3", "schema_version": 1}
+{"protected_inventory_sha256": "0eb5221a586bbcd3f7934af7c77f79e13e19de328900878acec417e5c55a54dd", "schema_version": 1}
diff --git a/tools/ci/run_vehicle_tests.py b/tools/ci/run_vehicle_tests.py
index b35a65d894..f8bca1ca27 100644
--- a/tools/ci/run_vehicle_tests.py
+++ b/tools/ci/run_vehicle_tests.py
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ AOL_LIFECYCLE_TARGETS = (
   "openpilot/starpilot/aol/tests/test_native_inventory_control_cadence.py",
   "openpilot/starpilot/aol/tests/test_gm.py",
   "openpilot/starpilot/aol/tests/test_gm_steering_receive_order.py",
+  "openpilot/starpilot/aol/tests/test_gm_ascm_receive_order.py",
   "openpilot/starpilot/aol/tests/test_gm_main_response.py",
   "openpilot/starpilot/aol/tests/test_gm_held_native.py",
   'openpilot/starpilot/longitudinal/tests/test_volt_mode_transition.py',