diff --git a/opendbc_repo/opendbc/car/gm/carstate.py b/opendbc_repo/opendbc/car/gm/carstate.py
index eac50c25bd..7e8a2c092a 100644
--- a/opendbc_repo/opendbc/car/gm/carstate.py
+++ b/opendbc_repo/opendbc/car/gm/carstate.py
@@ -70,6 +70,8 @@ class CarState(CarStateBase):
     self.buttons_counter = 0
 
     self.distance_button = 0
+    self.flashed_volt_profile = is_volt_flashed_profile(CP)
+    self.flashed_lkas_button = None
     self.pedal_sensor_healthy = False
     self.pedal_sensor_ts_nanos = 0
     self.bolt_pedal_gear_ts_nanos = 0
@@ -535,7 +537,7 @@ class CarState(CarStateBase):
       # A missing camera can leave the ECU faulted; that is not engaged cruise.
       ret.cruiseState.enabled &= pt_cp.vl["AcceleratorPedal2"]["CruiseState"] != AccState.FAULTED
     ret.cruiseState.standstill = pt_cp.vl["AcceleratorPedal2"]["CruiseState"] == AccState.STANDSTILL
-    if is_volt_flashed_profile(self.CP):
+    if self.flashed_volt_profile:
       # There is no stock cruise/ACC controller. Preserve the actual EBCM fault.
       ret.accFaulted = friction_unavailable
       ret.brakePressed |= bool(pt_cp.vl["ECMEngineStatus"]["BrakePressed"])
@@ -684,6 +686,15 @@ class CarState(CarStateBase):
       ret.buttonEvents = [event for old, new in edges for event in
                           create_button_events(new, old, BUTTONS_DICT, unpressed_btn=CruiseButtons.UNPRESS)] + create_button_events(
                             self.distance_button, prev_distance_button, {1: ButtonType.gapAdjustCruise})
+    if self.flashed_volt_profile:
+      lkas_events = []
+      for pressed in pt_cp.vl_all["ASCMSteeringButton"]["LKAButton"]:
+        if self.flashed_lkas_button is not None:
+          lkas_events.extend(create_button_events(pressed, self.flashed_lkas_button, {1: ButtonType.lkas}))
+        self.flashed_lkas_button = pressed
+      if lkas_events:
+        ret.buttonEvents = [event.to_dict() for event in ret.buttonEvents] + lkas_events
+
     if ret.vEgo < self.CP.minSteerSpeed:
       ret.lowSpeedAlert = True
 
diff --git a/openpilot/starpilot/car/gm/aol.py b/openpilot/starpilot/car/gm/aol.py
index 09e35fb125..607b8eda94 100644
--- a/openpilot/starpilot/car/gm/aol.py
+++ b/openpilot/starpilot/car/gm/aol.py
@@ -4,17 +4,17 @@ import math
 from opendbc.car.gm.cancel_remap import aol_enabled, enabled as cancel_remap_enabled, supported as cancel_remap_supported
 
 from opendbc.car.structs import CarParams
-from opendbc.car.gm.values import CAR, GMFlags, control_flags, camera_acc_pedal_profile, is_volt_ascm_longitudinal
+from opendbc.car.gm.values import CAR, GMFlags, control_flags, camera_acc_pedal_profile, is_volt_ascm_longitudinal, is_volt_flashed_profile
 from opendbc.car.gm.aol import GM_AOL_ALTERNATIVE_EXPERIENCE, GM_AOL_WORDS, qualified_gm
 from openpilot.starpilot.aol.policy import AolVehiclePolicy
-from openpilot.starpilot.aol.intent import AOL_TOGGLE, AolCardIntent
+from openpilot.starpilot.aol.intent import AOL_TOGGLE, PAUSE_LATERAL, AolCardIntent
 
 
 def policy_for(cp) -> AolVehiclePolicy:
   qualified = qualified_gm(cp)
   return AolVehiclePolicy(intent_supported=qualified, settings_supported=qualified,
                          runtime_supported=qualified, normal_runtime_supported=qualified,
-                         lkas_button_supported=False,
+                         lkas_button_supported=qualified and is_volt_flashed_profile(cp),
                          full_axis_runtime_required=qualified and aol_enabled(cp),
                          alternative_experience_addition=GM_AOL_ALTERNATIVE_EXPERIENCE if qualified else 0)
 
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ class GmAolCardIntent(AolCardIntent):
   """Follow physical MAIN; a current fault inhibits intent until healthy again."""
 
   def __init__(self, settings, cp=None):
-    super().__init__(settings, lkas_button_supported=False)
+    super().__init__(settings, lkas_button_supported=is_volt_flashed_profile(cp))
     self.cp = cp
     self.requires_fault_observation = True
     self._main_cycle_required = False
@@ -222,6 +222,12 @@ class GmAolCardIntent(AolCardIntent):
       semantic.buttonEvents = [event for event in CS.buttonEvents if str(event.type) != 'cancel']
     super().update_auxiliary(semantic, media=media, media_eligible=media_eligible, fault_active=fault_active)
 
+  @property
+  def lkas_action(self):
+    # MAIN still owns automatic arming; a mapped LKAS toggle pauses steering.
+    action = super().lkas_action
+    return PAUSE_LATERAL if action == AOL_TOGGLE else action
+
   @property
   def main_action(self):
     # GM MAIN reports a persistent physical level, not an independent AOL toggle.
diff --git a/openpilot/starpilot/car/gm/tests/test_flashed_lkas.py b/openpilot/starpilot/car/gm/tests/test_flashed_lkas.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..447762d16c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/openpilot/starpilot/car/gm/tests/test_flashed_lkas.py
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+
+import pytest
+from opendbc.can import CANPacker
+from opendbc.car import Bus, structs
+from opendbc.car.gm.interface import CarInterface
+from opendbc.car.gm.tests.test_volt_flashed_obd import params as flashed_params, tick
+from opendbc.car.gm.values import DBC
+from openpilot.common.params import Params
+from openpilot.starpilot.aol.intent import AolSettings
+from openpilot.starpilot.aol.tests.test_gm_startup_main import cases
+from openpilot.starpilot.aol.vehicle import create_intent, policy_for
+from openpilot.starpilot.controllers.wheel_actions import button_reported
+from openpilot.starpilot.ui.feature_settings_owner import FeatureSettingsOwner
+from openpilot.starpilot.ui.feature_settings_state import row_request
+
+
+def params():
+  cp = flashed_params()
+  cp.alternativeExperience = 32
+  return cp
+
+
+def parser():
+  cp = params()
+  return CarInterface(cp), CANPacker(DBC[cp.carFingerprint][Bus.pt])
+
+
+def feed_lkas(ci, packer, levels, index, cruise=1):
+  now = 1_000_000_000 + index * 10_000_000
+  _, frames = tick(SimpleNamespace(update=lambda _: None), packer, now, index)
+  frames = [m for m in frames if m[0] != 0x1E1]
+  for level in levels:
+    frames.append(packer.make_can_msg('ASCMSteeringButton', 0, {'ACCButtons': cruise, 'ACCAlwaysOne': 1,
+      'LKAButton': level, 'RollingCounter': index % 4}))
+  return ci.update([(now, frames)])
+
+
+def test_parser_emits_each_lkas_edge_without_cruise_enable():
+  ci, packer = parser()
+  for i in range(40):
+    cs = feed_lkas(ci, packer, [0], i)
+  assert cs.canValid
+  cs = feed_lkas(ci, packer, [1, 0, 1, 1, 0], 40)
+  assert [(str(b.type), b.pressed) for b in cs.buttonEvents] == [('lkas', True), ('lkas', False), ('lkas', True), ('lkas', False)]
+  assert not cs.buttonEnable and not cs.cruiseState.enabled
+  assert not feed_lkas(ci, packer, [], 41).buttonEvents
+
+
+def test_first_held_sample_is_not_a_new_press():
+  ci, packer = parser()
+  assert not feed_lkas(ci, packer, [1], 0).buttonEvents
+  assert not feed_lkas(ci, packer, [1], 1).buttonEvents
+  assert [(str(b.type), b.pressed) for b in feed_lkas(ci, packer, [0], 2).buttonEvents] == [('lkas', False)]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('mapping', [0, 3, 4, 9])
+def test_main_arms_at_startup_and_lkas_only_performs_its_mapping(mapping):
+  cp = params()
+  intent = create_intent(cp, AolSettings(True, 0., mapping, 0, (0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0)), policy_for(cp))
+  cs = structs.CarState(canValid=True, gearShifter='drive', vEgo=10.)
+  cs.cruiseState.available = True
+  intent.update(cs, now_ns=1, fault_active=False)
+  assert intent.allowed_latch and not intent.pause_lateral and not intent.pause_longitudinal
+  for pressed, now in [(True, 2), (False, 3)]:
+    cs.buttonEvents = [structs.CarState.ButtonEvent(type='lkas', pressed=pressed)]
+    intent.update(cs, now_ns=now, fault_active=False)
+  assert intent.allowed_latch and intent.pause_lateral == (mapping in (3, 9))
+  assert intent.pause_longitudinal == (mapping == 4)
+  cs.buttonEvents = []
+  intent.update(cs, now_ns=4, fault_active=False)
+  assert intent.pause_lateral == (mapping in (3, 9))
+  cs.buttonEvents = [structs.CarState.ButtonEvent(type='lkas', pressed=True)]
+  intent.update(cs, now_ns=5, fault_active=False)
+  assert not intent.pause_lateral and not intent.pause_longitudinal and intent.allowed_latch
+  cs.cruiseState.available = False
+  cs.buttonEvents = []
+  intent.update(cs, now_ns=6, fault_active=False)
+  assert not intent.allowed_latch
+
+
+def test_lkas_row_is_visible_and_assignment_uses_actual_settings_owner(tmp_path):
+  cp = params()
+  saved = Params(str(tmp_path))
+  owner = FeatureSettingsOwner(saved, lambda _: True, vehicle_fingerprint=lambda: str(cp.carFingerprint), vehicle_params=lambda: cp)
+  page = owner.snapshot('wheel', parked=True, system_long=True, lateral_context=True, metric=False)
+  row = next(r for r in page.rows if r.key == 'wheel:LKASButtonControl')
+  assert row.value == 'Off' and row.available and 'Pause steering' in row.choices and 'Toggle AOL' in row.choices
+  assert owner.apply(row_request(row, 'Pause steering'))
+  assert saved.get('LKASButtonControl') == 3
+
+
+def test_other_gm_profiles_keep_the_existing_lkas_contract():
+  for cp in cases():
+    assert not policy_for(cp).lkas_button_supported
+    assert not button_reported(cp, 'LKASButtonControl')
+
+
+def test_lkas_does_not_erase_a_simultaneous_set_release():
+  ci, packer = parser()
+  for i in range(40):
+    feed_lkas(ci, packer, [0], i)
+  feed_lkas(ci, packer, [0], 40, cruise=3)
+  cs = feed_lkas(ci, packer, [1], 41)
+  assert cs.buttonEnable
+  assert [(str(b.type), b.pressed) for b in cs.buttonEvents] == [('decelCruise', False), ('lkas', True)]
diff --git a/openpilot/starpilot/controllers/wheel_actions.py b/openpilot/starpilot/controllers/wheel_actions.py
index 6396cf48e7..c7600dc025 100644
--- a/openpilot/starpilot/controllers/wheel_actions.py
+++ b/openpilot/starpilot/controllers/wheel_actions.py
@@ -68,7 +68,10 @@ def button_reported(cp, key):
                   cp.flags & TeslaFlags.AOL_SCREEN_BUTTON)
     return bool(key in KEYS[5:8] and cp.carFingerprint == CAR.TESLA_MODEL_S_PREAP)
   if key == 'LKASButtonControl':
-    if brand in ('chrysler', 'gm', 'mazda', 'nissan', 'volkswagen', 'volvo'):
+    if brand == 'gm':
+      from opendbc.car.gm.values import is_volt_flashed_profile
+      return is_volt_flashed_profile(cp)
+    if brand in ('chrysler', 'mazda', 'nissan', 'volkswagen', 'volvo'):
       return False
     if brand == 'hyundai':
       from opendbc.car.hyundai.values import CAR, HyundaiFlags, is_blended
diff --git a/prebuilt.json b/prebuilt.json
index 8fd8b01fb8..e07cc86c61 100644
--- a/prebuilt.json
+++ b/prebuilt.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"protected_inventory_sha256": "dde91e1ce9c780f132c91438b2fb0559f51132e10dea387a6c1f64a03f2da779", "schema_version": 1}
+{"protected_inventory_sha256": "576253242aefccbd2c9bb70dccf54b8ac10c06832c285e686e0105bacce2fd6c", "schema_version": 1}