diff --git a/cereal/log.capnp b/cereal/log.capnp
index 39e9f50..590c92a 100644
--- a/cereal/log.capnp
+++ b/cereal/log.capnp
@@ -70,12 +70,12 @@ struct OnroadEvent @0xc4fa6047f024e718 {
     longitudinalManeuver @30;
     steerTempUnavailableSilent @31;
     resumeRequired @32;
-    driverDistracted1 @33;
-    driverDistracted2 @34;
-    driverDistracted3 @35;
-    driverUnresponsive1 @36;
-    driverUnresponsive2 @37;
-    driverUnresponsive3 @38;
+    preDriverDistracted @33;
+    promptDriverDistracted @34;
+    driverDistracted @35;
+    preDriverUnresponsive @36;
+    promptDriverUnresponsive @37;
+    driverUnresponsive @38;
     belowSteerSpeed @39;
     lowBattery @40;
     accFaulted @41;
@@ -2183,7 +2183,6 @@ struct DriverStateV2 {
     rightBlinkProb @8 :Float32;
     sunglassesProb @9 :Float32;
     phoneProb @13 :Float32;
-    sleepProb @14 :Float32;
     notReadyProbDEPRECATED @12 :List(Float32);
     occludedProbDEPRECATED @10 :Float32;
     readyProbDEPRECATED @11 :List(Float32);
@@ -2225,7 +2224,7 @@ struct DriverStateDEPRECATED @0xb83c6cc593ed0a00 {
   stdDEPRECATED @2 :Float32;
 }
 
-struct DriverMonitoringStateDEPRECATED @0xb83cda094a1da284 {
+struct DriverMonitoringState @0xb83cda094a1da284 {
   events @18 :List(OnroadEvent);
   faceDetected @1 :Bool;
   isDistracted @2 :Bool;
@@ -2251,81 +2250,6 @@ struct DriverMonitoringStateDEPRECATED @0xb83cda094a1da284 {
   eventsDEPRECATED @0 :List(Car.OnroadEventDEPRECATED);
 }
 
-struct DriverMonitoringState {
-  lockout @0 :Bool;
-  lockoutCount @15 :Int8;
-  lockoutMinutesRemaining @11 :Int8;
-  alert3Count @12 :Int8;
-  noResponseCount @13 :Int8;
-  noResponseForceDecel @14 :Bool;
-
-  alwaysOn @3 :Bool;
-  alwaysOnLockout @4 :Bool;
-
-  alertLevel @5 :AlertLevel;
-  activePolicy @6 :MonitoringPolicy;
-  isRHD @7 :Bool;
-  rhdCalibration @8 :CalibrationState;
-
-  visionPolicyState @9 :VisionPolicyState;
-  wheeltouchPolicyState @10 :WheeltouchPolicyState;
-
-  enum AlertLevel {
-    none @0;
-    one @1;
-    two @2;
-    three @3;
-  }
-
-  enum MonitoringPolicy {
-    wheeltouch @0;
-    vision @1;
-  }
-
-  struct VisionPolicyState {
-    awarenessPercent @0 :Int8;
-    awarenessStep @1 :Float32;
-    isDistracted @2 :Bool;
-    distractedTypes @3 :DistractedTypes;
-
-    faceDetected @4 :Bool;
-    pose @5 :Pose;
-    wheeltouchFallbackPercent @6 :Int8;
-    uncertainOffroadAlertPercent @7 :Int8;
-
-    struct DistractedTypes {
-      pose @0: Bool;
-      eye @1: Bool;
-      phone @2: Bool;
-    }
-
-    struct Pose {
-      pitch @0 :Float32;
-      yaw @1 :Float32;
-      pitchCalib @2 :CalibrationState;
-      yawCalib @3 :CalibrationState;
-      calibrated @4 :Bool;
-      uncertainty @5 :Float32;
-    }
-  }
-
-  struct WheeltouchPolicyState {
-    awarenessPercent @0 :Int8;
-    awarenessStep @1 :Float32;
-    driverInteracting @2 :Bool;
-  }
-
-  struct CalibrationState {
-    calibratedPercent @0 :Int8;
-    offset @1 :Float32;
-  }
-
-  deprecated :group {
-    alertCountLockoutPercent @1 :Int8;
-    alertTimeLockoutPercent @2 :Int8;
-  }
-}
-
 struct Boot {
   wallTimeNanos @0 :UInt64;
   pstore @4 :Map(Text, Data);
@@ -2646,7 +2570,7 @@ struct Event {
     thumbnail @66: Thumbnail;
     onroadEvents @134: List(OnroadEvent);
     carParams @69: Car.CarParams;
-    driverMonitoringState @165: DriverMonitoringState;
+    driverMonitoringState @71: DriverMonitoringState;
     livePose @129 :LivePose;
     modelV2 @75 :ModelDataV2;
     drivingModelData @128 :DrivingModelData;
@@ -2769,7 +2693,6 @@ struct Event {
     wifiScanDEPRECATED @29 :List(Legacy.WifiScan);
     uiNavigationEventDEPRECATED @50 :Legacy.UiNavigationEvent;
     liveMapDataDEPRECATED @62 :LiveMapDataDEPRECATED;
-    driverMonitoringStateDEPRECATED @71 :DriverMonitoringStateDEPRECATED;
     gpsPlannerPointsDEPRECATED @40 :Legacy.GPSPlannerPoints;
     gpsPlannerPlanDEPRECATED @41 :Legacy.GPSPlannerPlan;
     applanixRawDEPRECATED @42 :Data;
diff --git a/common/params_keys.h b/common/params_keys.h
index 7b773df..dd6aed1 100644
--- a/common/params_keys.h
+++ b/common/params_keys.h
@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@ inline static std::unordered_map<std::string, ParamKeyAttributes> keys = {
     {"DoShutdown", {CLEAR_ON_MANAGER_START, BOOL}},
     {"DoUninstall", {CLEAR_ON_MANAGER_START, BOOL}},
     {"DriverTooDistracted", {CLEAR_ON_MANAGER_START | CLEAR_ON_IGNITION_ON, BOOL}},
-    {"DriverLockoutCount", {CLEAR_ON_MANAGER_START | CLEAR_ON_IGNITION_ON, INT, "0"}},
     {"AlphaLongitudinalEnabled", {PERSISTENT, BOOL}},
     {"ExperimentalMode", {PERSISTENT, BOOL}},
     {"ExperimentalModeConfirmed", {PERSISTENT, BOOL}},
diff --git a/iqdbc_repo/iqdbc/car/volkswagen/carcontroller.py b/iqdbc_repo/iqdbc/car/volkswagen/carcontroller.py
index ff9c42a..595ab1b 100644
--- a/iqdbc_repo/iqdbc/car/volkswagen/carcontroller.py
+++ b/iqdbc_repo/iqdbc/car/volkswagen/carcontroller.py
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ class CarController(CarControllerBase):
     if hud_control.leadDistanceBars != self.lead_distance_bars_last:
       self.distance_bar_frame = self.frame
 
-    if self.frame % self.CCP.ACC_HUD_STEP == 0 and self.CP.openpilotLongitudinalControl:
+    if self.frame % self.CCP.ACC_HUD_STEP == 0 and self.CP.openpilotLongitudinalControl and not CS.out.radarDisableFailed:
       if self.CP.flags & (VolkswagenFlags.MEB | VolkswagenFlags.MQB_EVO):
         fcw_alert = hud_control.visualAlert == VisualAlert.fcw
         show_distance_bars = self.frame - self.distance_bar_frame < 400
diff --git a/iqdbc_repo/iqdbc/car/volkswagen/carstate.py b/iqdbc_repo/iqdbc/car/volkswagen/carstate.py
index 198c829..2a2b130 100644
--- a/iqdbc_repo/iqdbc/car/volkswagen/carstate.py
+++ b/iqdbc_repo/iqdbc/car/volkswagen/carstate.py
@@ -340,11 +340,19 @@ class CarState(CarStateBase):
 
     self.ldw_stock_values = cam_cp.vl["LDW_02"]
 
-    awv_values = ext_cp.vl.get("AWV_03", ext_cp.vl.get("ACC_10", {}))
-    ret.stockFcw = bool(awv_values.get("FCW_Active", 0)) or bool(awv_values.get("AWV2_Freigabe", 0))
+    if not (self.CP.flags & VolkswagenFlags.DISABLE_RADAR):
+      awv_values = ext_cp.vl.get("AWV_03", ext_cp.vl.get("ACC_10", {}))
+      ret.stockFcw = bool(awv_values.get("FCW_Active", 0)) or bool(awv_values.get("AWV2_Freigabe", 0))
+    else:
+      ret.stockFcw = False
     ret.stockAeb = False
 
-    self.acc_type = ext_cp.vl["ACC_18"]["ACC_Typ"]
+    # Camera harness (DISABLE_RADAR): ext_cp == pt_cp, so ACC_18 reads our own sent value.
+    # Hardcode acc_type=2 (stop-and-go capable) to avoid self-referential read on first frame.
+    if self.CP.flags & VolkswagenFlags.DISABLE_RADAR:
+      self.acc_type = 2
+    else:
+      self.acc_type = ext_cp.vl["ACC_18"]["ACC_Typ"]
     self.travel_assist_available = bool(pt_cp.vl.get("TA_01", {}).get("Travel_Assist_Available", 0))
 
     ret.cruiseState.available = pt_cp.vl["Motor_51"]["TSK_Status"] in (2, 3, 4, 5)
@@ -764,11 +772,13 @@ class CarState(CarStateBase):
       # math.nan → ignore_alive=True so it never contributes to can_valid.
       ("TA_01", math.nan),
     ]
-    if CP.networkLocation == NetworkLocation.fwdCamera:
+    # AWV_03 (stock radar FCW/AEB) — don't subscribe when DISABLE_RADAR, the radar is silenced
+    # and our carcontroller sends the replacement. Subscribing causes CAN parser timeout errors.
+    if CP.networkLocation == NetworkLocation.fwdCamera and not (CP.flags & VolkswagenFlags.DISABLE_RADAR):
       pt_messages.append(("AWV_03", 1))
 
     cam_messages = []
-    if CP.networkLocation == NetworkLocation.gateway:
+    if CP.networkLocation == NetworkLocation.gateway and not (CP.flags & VolkswagenFlags.DISABLE_RADAR):
       cam_messages.append(("AWV_03", 1))
 
     return {
diff --git a/iqdbc_repo/iqdbc/car/volkswagen/mebcan.py b/iqdbc_repo/iqdbc/car/volkswagen/mebcan.py
index 2740b17..3c4fc44 100644
--- a/iqdbc_repo/iqdbc/car/volkswagen/mebcan.py
+++ b/iqdbc_repo/iqdbc/car/volkswagen/mebcan.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ def create_steering_control(packer, bus, apply_curvature, lkas_enabled, power):
   values = {
     "Curvature": abs(apply_curvature), # in rad/m
     "Curvature_VZ": 1 if apply_curvature > 0 and lkas_enabled else 0,
-    "Power": 100 if lkas_enabled else 0,  # TEST: hard 100%, no ramp
+    "Power": power if lkas_enabled else 0,
     "RequestStatus": 4 if lkas_enabled else 2,
     "HighSendRate": lkas_enabled,
   }
diff --git a/iqdbc_repo/iqdbc/car/volkswagen/values.py b/iqdbc_repo/iqdbc/car/volkswagen/values.py
index 9885559..3de31b4 100644
--- a/iqdbc_repo/iqdbc/car/volkswagen/values.py
+++ b/iqdbc_repo/iqdbc/car/volkswagen/values.py
@@ -141,6 +141,8 @@ class CarControllerParams:
       }
 
     elif CP.flags & (VolkswagenFlags.MEB | VolkswagenFlags.MQB_EVO):
+      self.AEB_CONTROL_STEP = 100  # AWV_03 radar-replacement at 1Hz (class default 2 = 50Hz is for MQB ACC_10)
+      self.AEB_HUD_STEP = 20       # MEB_AWV_01 AEB HUD at 5Hz
       self.LDW_STEP = 10
       self.ACC_HUD_STEP = 6
       self.STEER_DRIVER_ALLOWANCE = 60
diff --git a/iqdbc_repo/iqdbc/safety/modes/volkswagen_meb.h b/iqdbc_repo/iqdbc/safety/modes/volkswagen_meb.h
index 2777e91..a88d6d3 100644
--- a/iqdbc_repo/iqdbc/safety/modes/volkswagen_meb.h
+++ b/iqdbc_repo/iqdbc/safety/modes/volkswagen_meb.h
@@ -244,11 +244,11 @@ static bool volkswagen_meb_tx_hook(const CANPacket_t *msg) {
   };
 
   const CurvatureSteeringLimits VOLKSWAGEN_MEB_STEERING_LIMITS = {
-    .max_curvature = 32767,        // TEST: 15-bit max, no curvature ceiling
+    .max_curvature = 29105,
     .curvature_to_can = 149253.7313f,
     .send_rate = 0.02f,
     .inactive_curvature_is_zero = true,
-    .max_power = 65535,            // TEST: no power ceiling
+    .max_power = 225, // 90% (raw byte, 0.4 %/bit; matches Python STEERING_POWER_MAX = 90)
   };
 
   bool tx = true;
diff --git a/iqpilot/common/atlas_alerts.py b/iqpilot/common/atlas_alerts.py
index 8060fda..5339155 100644
--- a/iqpilot/common/atlas_alerts.py
+++ b/iqpilot/common/atlas_alerts.py
@@ -214,10 +214,9 @@ class NoEntryCard(AlertCard):
   def __init__(self,
                alert_text_2: str,
                alert_text_1: str = "openpilot Unavailable",
-               visual_alert: car.CarControl.HUDControl.VisualAlert = VisualAlert.none,
-               priority: Tier = Tier.LOW):
+               visual_alert: car.CarControl.HUDControl.VisualAlert = VisualAlert.none):
     primary, secondary, size = _mici_reframe(alert_text_1, alert_text_2)
-    super().__init__(primary, secondary, AlertStatus.normal, size, priority, visual_alert, AudibleAlert.refuse, 3.0)
+    super().__init__(primary, secondary, AlertStatus.normal, size, Tier.LOW, visual_alert, AudibleAlert.refuse, 3.0)
 
 
 class GentleDisableCard(AlertCard):
diff --git a/panda/board/drivers/can_common.h b/panda/board/drivers/can_common.h
index 08f21e0..af1f510 100644
--- a/panda/board/drivers/can_common.h
+++ b/panda/board/drivers/can_common.h
@@ -237,16 +237,17 @@ void ignition_can_hook(CANPacket_t *msg) {
       }
     }
 
-
-  }
-
-  // Volkswagen MEB / MQBevo exception (Klemmen_Status_01)
-  // On gateway harness cars this message is on bus 1 (powertrain CAN), not bus 0.
-  if ((msg->bus == 0U) || (msg->bus == 1U)) {
-    int len = GET_LEN(msg);
+    // Volkswagen MEB exception
     if ((msg->addr == 0x3C0U) && (len == 4)) {
-      ignition_can = ((msg->data[2] >> 1U) & 1U) != 0U;
-      ignition_can_cnt = 0U;
+      int counter = msg->data[1] & 0xFU;
+
+      static int prev_counter_vw_meb = -1;
+      if ((counter == ((prev_counter_vw_meb + 1) % 16)) && (prev_counter_vw_meb != -1)) {
+        // Klemmen_Status_01->ZAS_Kl_15
+        ignition_can = ((msg->data[2] >> 1) & 1U) != 0U;
+        ignition_can_cnt = 0U;
+      }
+      prev_counter_vw_meb = counter;
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/selfdrive/assets/sounds/pre_alert.wav b/selfdrive/assets/sounds/pre_alert.wav
deleted file mode 100644
index f83b710..0000000
Binary files a/selfdrive/assets/sounds/pre_alert.wav and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/selfdrive/assets/sounds/prompt_distracted.wav b/selfdrive/assets/sounds/prompt_distracted.wav
index 6cad556..c3d4475 100644
Binary files a/selfdrive/assets/sounds/prompt_distracted.wav and b/selfdrive/assets/sounds/prompt_distracted.wav differ
diff --git a/selfdrive/assets/sounds/warning_immediate.wav b/selfdrive/assets/sounds/warning_immediate.wav
index 99b4b03..b1815a9 100644
Binary files a/selfdrive/assets/sounds/warning_immediate.wav and b/selfdrive/assets/sounds/warning_immediate.wav differ
diff --git a/selfdrive/controls/controlsd.py b/selfdrive/controls/controlsd.py
index 3def978..1bd7b31 100755
--- a/selfdrive/controls/controlsd.py
+++ b/selfdrive/controls/controlsd.py
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ class Controls(IQControlsLayer):
       hudControl.leadFollowTime = 1.45
     hudControl.visualAlert = self.sm['selfdriveState'].alertHudVisual
     hudControl.audibleAlert = self.sm['selfdriveState'].alertSound
-    hudControl.driverUnresponsive = self.sm['driverMonitoringState'].noResponseForceDecel
+    hudControl.driverUnresponsive = self.sm['selfdriveState'].alertType.split('/', 1)[0] == 'driverUnresponsive'
 
     hudControl.rightLaneVisible = True
     hudControl.leftLaneVisible = True
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ class Controls(IQControlsLayer):
     cs.upAccelCmd = float(self.LoC.pid.p)
     cs.uiAccelCmd = float(self.LoC.pid.i)
     cs.ufAccelCmd = float(self.LoC.pid.f)
-    cs.forceDecel = bool(self.sm['driverMonitoringState'].noResponseForceDecel or
+    cs.forceDecel = bool((self.sm['driverMonitoringState'].awarenessStatus < 0.) or
                          (self.sm['selfdriveState'].state == State.softDisabling))
 
     lat_tuning = self.CP.lateralTuning.which()
diff --git a/selfdrive/debug/cycle_alerts.py b/selfdrive/debug/cycle_alerts.py
index c1f30bc..5b25d8c 100755
--- a/selfdrive/debug/cycle_alerts.py
+++ b/selfdrive/debug/cycle_alerts.py
@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@ def cycle_alerts(duration=200, is_metric=False):
     (EventName.accFaulted, ET.IMMEDIATE_DISABLE),
 
     # DM sequence
-    (EventName.driverDistracted1, ET.WARNING),
-    (EventName.driverDistracted2, ET.WARNING),
-    (EventName.driverDistracted3, ET.WARNING),
+    (EventName.preDriverDistracted, ET.WARNING),
+    (EventName.promptDriverDistracted, ET.WARNING),
+    (EventName.driverDistracted, ET.WARNING),
   ]
 
   # debug alerts
diff --git a/selfdrive/modeld/dmonitoringmodeld.py b/selfdrive/modeld/dmonitoringmodeld.py
index 73a4af2..0e50932 100755
--- a/selfdrive/modeld/dmonitoringmodeld.py
+++ b/selfdrive/modeld/dmonitoringmodeld.py
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ def parse_model_output(model_output):
     face_descs = model_output[f'face_descs_{ds_suffix}']
     parsed[f'face_descs_{ds_suffix}'] = face_descs[:, :-6]
     parsed[f'face_descs_{ds_suffix}_std'] = safe_exp(face_descs[:, -6:])
-    for key in ['face_prob', 'left_eye_prob', 'right_eye_prob','left_blink_prob', 'right_blink_prob', 'sunglasses_prob', 'using_phone_prob', 'sleep_prob']:
+    for key in ['face_prob', 'left_eye_prob', 'right_eye_prob','left_blink_prob', 'right_blink_prob', 'sunglasses_prob', 'using_phone_prob']:
       parsed[f'{key}_{ds_suffix}'] = sigmoid(model_output[f'{key}_{ds_suffix}'])
   return parsed
 
@@ -91,7 +91,6 @@ def fill_driver_data(msg, model_output, ds_suffix):
   msg.rightBlinkProb = model_output[f'right_blink_prob_{ds_suffix}'][0, 0].item()
   msg.sunglassesProb = model_output[f'sunglasses_prob_{ds_suffix}'][0, 0].item()
   msg.phoneProb = model_output[f'using_phone_prob_{ds_suffix}'][0, 0].item()
-  msg.sleepProb = model_output[f'sleep_prob_{ds_suffix}'][0, 0].item()
 
 def get_driverstate_packet(model_output, frame_id: int, location_ts: int, exec_time: float, gpu_exec_time: float):
   msg = messaging.new_message('driverStateV2', valid=True)
diff --git a/selfdrive/modeld/models/dmonitoring_model.onnx b/selfdrive/modeld/models/dmonitoring_model.onnx
index 873c74b..51d1849 100644
Binary files a/selfdrive/modeld/models/dmonitoring_model.onnx and b/selfdrive/modeld/models/dmonitoring_model.onnx differ
diff --git a/selfdrive/modeld/models/dmonitoring_model_metadata.pkl b/selfdrive/modeld/models/dmonitoring_model_metadata.pkl
index 9aad8d4..7869f9d 100644
Binary files a/selfdrive/modeld/models/dmonitoring_model_metadata.pkl and b/selfdrive/modeld/models/dmonitoring_model_metadata.pkl differ
diff --git a/selfdrive/modeld/models/dmonitoring_model_tinygrad.pkl b/selfdrive/modeld/models/dmonitoring_model_tinygrad.pkl
index 8f33bbb..a89f4f1 100644
Binary files a/selfdrive/modeld/models/dmonitoring_model_tinygrad.pkl and b/selfdrive/modeld/models/dmonitoring_model_tinygrad.pkl differ
diff --git a/selfdrive/modeld/models/prebuilt_check.json b/selfdrive/modeld/models/prebuilt_check.json
index a40a808..6d0839d 100644
--- a/selfdrive/modeld/models/prebuilt_check.json
+++ b/selfdrive/modeld/models/prebuilt_check.json
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 {
   "dmonitoring_model": {
     "outputs": {
-      "dmonitoring_model_metadata.pkl": "5999c262b1c25c62e485fb4ced5806d20a8ca59e3ae94e0ff499c0fe3497fedc",
-      "dmonitoring_model_tinygrad.pkl": "5aca89a35b42376d56f67ccd28a1080806706d546dd8c63f6e1b4c681f8e2c01"
+      "dmonitoring_model_metadata.pkl": "31a86ab7a92dc0af088b15787a440dd3b210aa662e445a15145900e559a1b5c3",
+      "dmonitoring_model_tinygrad.pkl": "806c0ea75df6bf6dfeb81b832314c68e31df5865a52d0359e6eeb76d93ad2b52"
     },
-    "signature": "2364ebd4bb95c4b4e539c9b1ba68324b713cbb56617396b73262accf9cdcfbfc"
+    "signature": "e1eeb5ce45774a816c8da2394e6ee35ebf700b71dff345e0141dbab8ff592349"
   }
 }
diff --git a/selfdrive/modeld/test_dmonitoringmodeld.py b/selfdrive/modeld/test_dmonitoringmodeld.py
deleted file mode 100644
index af23f46..0000000
--- a/selfdrive/modeld/test_dmonitoringmodeld.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-import pickle
-
-import numpy as np
-
-from openpilot.selfdrive.modeld.dmonitoringmodeld import get_driverstate_packet, parse_model_output, slice_outputs
-from openpilot.selfdrive.modeld.dmonitoringmodeld import METADATA_PATH
-
-
-def test_sleep_probability_output():
-  with open(METADATA_PATH, 'rb') as f:
-    metadata = pickle.load(f)
-
-  output = np.zeros(metadata['output_shapes']['outputs'][1], dtype=np.float32)
-  parsed = parse_model_output(slice_outputs(output, metadata['output_slices']))
-  parsed['raw_pred'] = b''
-  msg = get_driverstate_packet(parsed, 1, 0, 0., 0.)
-
-  assert msg.driverStateV2.leftDriverData.sleepProb == 0.5
-  assert msg.driverStateV2.rightDriverData.sleepProb == 0.5
diff --git a/selfdrive/monitoring/README.md b/selfdrive/monitoring/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a29ea0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/selfdrive/monitoring/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# driver monitoring (DM)
+
+Uploading driver-facing camera footage is opt-in, but it is encouraged to opt-in to improve the DM model. You can always change your preference using the "Record and Upload Driver Camera" toggle.
+
+## Troubleshooting
+
+Before creating a bug report, go through these troubleshooting steps.
+
+* Ensure the driver-facing camera has a good view of the driver in normal driving positions.
+ * This can be checked in Settings -> Device -> Preview Driver Camera (when car is off).
+* If the camera can't see the driver, the device should be re-mounted.
+
+## Bug report
+
+In order for us to look into DM bug reports, we'll need the driver-facing camera footage. If you don't normally have this enabled, simply enable the toggle for a single drive. Also ensure the "Upload Raw Logs" toggle is enabled before going for a drive.
diff --git a/selfdrive/monitoring/dmonitoringd.py b/selfdrive/monitoring/dmonitoringd.py
index ffefe32..022415a 100755
--- a/selfdrive/monitoring/dmonitoringd.py
+++ b/selfdrive/monitoring/dmonitoringd.py
@@ -1,20 +1,8 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
-from types import SimpleNamespace
-
 import cereal.messaging as messaging
 from openpilot.common.params import Params
 from openpilot.common.realtime import config_realtime_process
-from openpilot.selfdrive.monitoring.policy import DriverMonitoring
-
-
-def get_dm_inputs(sm):
-  return {
-    'driverStateV2': sm['driverStateV2'],
-    'liveCalibration': sm['liveCalibration'],
-    'carState': sm['carState'],
-    'selfdriveState': SimpleNamespace(enabled=sm['selfdriveState'].enabled or sm['carControl'].latActive),
-    'modelV2': sm['modelV2'],
-  }
+from openpilot.selfdrive.monitoring.helpers import DriverMonitoring
 
 
 def dmonitoringd_thread():
@@ -37,9 +25,9 @@ def dmonitoringd_thread():
 
     valid = sm.all_checks()
     if demo_mode and sm.valid['driverStateV2']:
-      DM.run_step(get_dm_inputs(sm), demo=True)
+      DM.run_step(sm, demo=demo_mode)
     elif valid:
-      DM.run_step(get_dm_inputs(sm), demo=demo_mode)
+      DM.run_step(sm, demo=demo_mode)
 
     # publish
     dat = DM.get_state_packet(valid=valid)
@@ -52,9 +40,9 @@ def dmonitoringd_thread():
 
     # save rhd virtual toggle every 5 mins
     if (sm['driverStateV2'].frameId % 6000 == 0 and not demo_mode and
-     DM.wheelpos_offsetter.filtered_stat.n > DM.settings._WHEELPOS_FILTER_MIN_COUNT and
-     DM.wheel_on_right == (DM.wheelpos_offsetter.filtered_stat.M > DM.settings._WHEELPOS_THRESHOLD)):
-      params.put_bool("IsRhdDetected", DM.wheel_on_right)
+     DM.wheelpos.prob_offseter.filtered_stat.n > DM.settings._WHEELPOS_FILTER_MIN_COUNT and
+     DM.wheel_on_right == (DM.wheelpos.prob_offseter.filtered_stat.M > DM.settings._WHEELPOS_THRESHOLD)):
+      params.put_bool_nonblocking("IsRhdDetected", DM.wheel_on_right)
 
 def main():
   dmonitoringd_thread()
diff --git a/selfdrive/monitoring/helpers.py b/selfdrive/monitoring/helpers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f8752d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/selfdrive/monitoring/helpers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,474 @@
+from math import atan2
+import numpy as np
+
+from cereal import car, log
+import cereal.messaging as messaging
+from openpilot.selfdrive.selfdrived.events import Events
+from openpilot.common.realtime import DT_DMON
+from openpilot.common.filter_simple import FirstOrderFilter
+from openpilot.common.params import Params
+from openpilot.common.stat_live import RunningStatFilter
+from openpilot.common.transformations.camera import DEVICE_CAMERAS
+from openpilot.selfdrive.locationd.calibration_helpers import get_calibrated_rpy
+from openpilot.system.hardware import HARDWARE
+
+EventName = log.OnroadEvent.EventName
+
+# ******************************************************************************************
+#  NOTE: To fork maintainers.
+#  Disabling or nerfing safety features will get you and your users banned from our servers.
+#  We recommend that you do not change these numbers from the defaults.
+# ******************************************************************************************
+
+class DRIVER_MONITOR_SETTINGS:
+  def __init__(self, device_type):
+    self._DT_DMON = DT_DMON
+    # ref (page15-16): https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:42018X1947&rid=2
+    self._AWARENESS_TIME = 30. # passive wheeltouch total timeout
+    self._AWARENESS_PRE_TIME_TILL_TERMINAL = 15.
+    self._AWARENESS_PROMPT_TIME_TILL_TERMINAL = 6.
+    self._DISTRACTED_TIME = 11. # active monitoring total timeout
+    self._DISTRACTED_PRE_TIME_TILL_TERMINAL = 8.
+    self._DISTRACTED_PROMPT_TIME_TILL_TERMINAL = 6.
+
+    self._FACE_THRESHOLD = 0.7
+    self._EYE_THRESHOLD = 0.65
+    self._SG_THRESHOLD = 0.9
+    self._BLINK_THRESHOLD = 0.865
+
+    self._PHONE_THRESH = 0.75 if device_type == 'mici' else 0.4
+    self._PHONE_THRESH2 = 15.0
+    self._PHONE_MAX_OFFSET = 0.06
+    self._PHONE_MIN_OFFSET = 0.025
+    self._PHONE_DATA_AVG = 0.05
+    self._PHONE_DATA_VAR = 3*0.005
+    self._PHONE_MAX_COUNT = int(360 / self._DT_DMON)
+
+    self._POSE_PITCH_THRESHOLD = 0.3133
+    self._POSE_PITCH_THRESHOLD_SLACK = 0.3237
+    self._POSE_PITCH_THRESHOLD_STRICT = self._POSE_PITCH_THRESHOLD
+    self._POSE_YAW_THRESHOLD = 0.4020
+    self._POSE_YAW_THRESHOLD_SLACK = 0.5042
+    self._POSE_YAW_THRESHOLD_STRICT = self._POSE_YAW_THRESHOLD
+    self._PITCH_NATURAL_OFFSET = 0.011 # initial value before offset is learned
+    self._PITCH_NATURAL_THRESHOLD = 0.449
+    self._YAW_NATURAL_OFFSET = 0.075 # initial value before offset is learned
+    self._PITCH_NATURAL_VAR = 3*0.01
+    self._YAW_NATURAL_VAR = 3*0.05
+    self._PITCH_MAX_OFFSET = 0.124
+    self._PITCH_MIN_OFFSET = -0.0881
+    self._YAW_MAX_OFFSET = 0.289
+    self._YAW_MIN_OFFSET = -0.0246
+
+    self._DCAM_UNCERTAIN_ALERT_THRESHOLD = 0.1
+    self._DCAM_UNCERTAIN_RESET_COUNT = int(20  / self._DT_DMON)
+    self._POSESTD_THRESHOLD = 0.3
+    self._HI_STD_FALLBACK_TIME = int(10  / self._DT_DMON)  # fall back to wheel touch if model is uncertain for 10s
+    self._DISTRACTED_FILTER_TS = 0.25  # 0.6Hz
+    self._ALWAYS_ON_ALERT_MIN_SPEED = 11
+
+    self._POSE_CALIB_MIN_SPEED = 13  # 30 mph
+    self._POSE_OFFSET_MIN_COUNT = int(60 / self._DT_DMON)  # valid data counts before calibration completes, 1min cumulative
+    self._POSE_OFFSET_MAX_COUNT = int(360 / self._DT_DMON)  # stop deweighting new data after 6 min, aka "short term memory"
+
+    self._WHEELPOS_CALIB_MIN_SPEED = 11
+    self._WHEELPOS_THRESHOLD = 0.5
+    self._WHEELPOS_FILTER_MIN_COUNT = int(15 / self._DT_DMON) # allow 15 seconds to converge wheel side
+    self._WHEELPOS_DATA_AVG = 0.03
+    self._WHEELPOS_DATA_VAR = 3*5.5e-5
+    self._WHEELPOS_MAX_COUNT = -1
+
+    self._RECOVERY_FACTOR_MAX = 5.  # relative to minus step change
+    self._RECOVERY_FACTOR_MIN = 1.25  # relative to minus step change
+
+    self._MAX_TERMINAL_ALERTS = 3  # not allowed to engage after 3 terminal alerts
+    self._MAX_TERMINAL_DURATION = int(30 / self._DT_DMON)  # not allowed to engage after 30s of terminal alerts
+
+class DistractedType:
+
+  NOT_DISTRACTED = 0
+  DISTRACTED_POSE = 1 << 0
+  DISTRACTED_BLINK = 1 << 1
+  DISTRACTED_PHONE = 1 << 2
+
+class DriverPose:
+  def __init__(self, settings):
+    pitch_filter_raw_priors = (settings._PITCH_NATURAL_OFFSET, settings._PITCH_NATURAL_VAR, 2)
+    yaw_filter_raw_priors = (settings._YAW_NATURAL_OFFSET, settings._YAW_NATURAL_VAR, 2)
+    self.yaw = 0.
+    self.pitch = 0.
+    self.roll = 0.
+    self.yaw_std = 0.
+    self.pitch_std = 0.
+    self.roll_std = 0.
+    self.pitch_offseter = RunningStatFilter(raw_priors=pitch_filter_raw_priors, max_trackable=settings._POSE_OFFSET_MAX_COUNT)
+    self.yaw_offseter = RunningStatFilter(raw_priors=yaw_filter_raw_priors, max_trackable=settings._POSE_OFFSET_MAX_COUNT)
+    self.calibrated = False
+    self.low_std = True
+    self.cfactor_pitch = 1.
+    self.cfactor_yaw = 1.
+
+class DriverProb:
+  def __init__(self, raw_priors, max_trackable):
+    self.prob = 0.
+    self.prob_offseter = RunningStatFilter(raw_priors=raw_priors, max_trackable=max_trackable)
+    self.prob_calibrated = False
+
+class DriverBlink:
+  def __init__(self):
+    self.left = 0.
+    self.right = 0.
+
+
+# model output refers to center of undistorted+leveled image
+EFL = 598.0 # focal length in K
+cam = DEVICE_CAMERAS[("tici", "ar0231")] # corrected image has same size as raw
+W, H = (cam.dcam.width, cam.dcam.height)  # corrected image has same size as raw
+
+def face_orientation_from_net(angles_desc, pos_desc, rpy_calib):
+  # the output of these angles are in device frame
+  # so from driver's perspective, pitch is up and yaw is right
+
+  pitch_net, yaw_net, roll_net = angles_desc
+
+  face_pixel_position = ((pos_desc[0]+0.5)*W, (pos_desc[1]+0.5)*H)
+  yaw_focal_angle = atan2(face_pixel_position[0] - W//2, EFL)
+  pitch_focal_angle = atan2(face_pixel_position[1] - H//2, EFL)
+
+  pitch = pitch_net + pitch_focal_angle
+  yaw = -yaw_net + yaw_focal_angle
+
+  # no calib for roll
+  pitch -= rpy_calib[1]
+  yaw -= rpy_calib[2]
+  return roll_net, pitch, yaw
+
+
+class DriverMonitoring:
+  def __init__(self, rhd_saved=False, settings=None, always_on=False):
+    # init policy settings
+    self.settings = settings if settings is not None else DRIVER_MONITOR_SETTINGS(device_type=HARDWARE.get_device_type())
+
+    # init driver status
+    wheelpos_filter_raw_priors = (self.settings._WHEELPOS_DATA_AVG, self.settings._WHEELPOS_DATA_VAR, 2)
+    phone_filter_raw_priors = (self.settings._PHONE_DATA_AVG, self.settings._PHONE_DATA_VAR, 2)
+    self.wheelpos = DriverProb(raw_priors=wheelpos_filter_raw_priors, max_trackable=self.settings._WHEELPOS_MAX_COUNT)
+    self.phone = DriverProb(raw_priors=phone_filter_raw_priors, max_trackable=self.settings._PHONE_MAX_COUNT)
+    self.pose = DriverPose(settings=self.settings)
+    self.blink = DriverBlink()
+
+    self.always_on = always_on
+    self.distracted_types = []
+    self.driver_distracted = False
+    self.driver_distraction_filter = FirstOrderFilter(0., self.settings._DISTRACTED_FILTER_TS, self.settings._DT_DMON)
+    self.wheel_on_right = False
+    self.wheel_on_right_last = None
+    self.wheel_on_right_default = rhd_saved
+    self.face_detected = False
+    self.terminal_alert_cnt = 0
+    self.terminal_time = 0
+    self.step_change = 0.
+    self.active_monitoring_mode = True
+    self.is_model_uncertain = False
+    self.hi_stds = 0
+    self.threshold_pre = self.settings._DISTRACTED_PRE_TIME_TILL_TERMINAL / self.settings._DISTRACTED_TIME
+    self.threshold_prompt = self.settings._DISTRACTED_PROMPT_TIME_TILL_TERMINAL / self.settings._DISTRACTED_TIME
+    self.dcam_uncertain_cnt = 0
+    self.dcam_reset_cnt = 0
+
+    self.params = Params()
+    self.too_distracted = self.params.get_bool("DriverTooDistracted")
+
+    self._reset_awareness()
+    self._set_timers(active_monitoring=True)
+    self._reset_events()
+
+  def _reset_awareness(self):
+    self.awareness = 1.
+    self.awareness_active = 1.
+    self.awareness_passive = 1.
+
+  def _reset_events(self):
+    self.current_events = Events()
+
+  def _set_timers(self, active_monitoring):
+    if self.active_monitoring_mode and self.awareness <= self.threshold_prompt:
+      if active_monitoring:
+        self.step_change = self.settings._DT_DMON / self.settings._DISTRACTED_TIME
+      else:
+        self.step_change = 0.
+      return  # no exploit after orange alert
+    elif self.awareness <= 0.:
+      return
+
+    if active_monitoring:
+      # when falling back from passive mode to active mode, reset awareness to avoid false alert
+      if not self.active_monitoring_mode:
+        self.awareness_passive = self.awareness
+        self.awareness = self.awareness_active
+
+      self.threshold_pre = self.settings._DISTRACTED_PRE_TIME_TILL_TERMINAL / self.settings._DISTRACTED_TIME
+      self.threshold_prompt = self.settings._DISTRACTED_PROMPT_TIME_TILL_TERMINAL / self.settings._DISTRACTED_TIME
+      self.step_change = self.settings._DT_DMON / self.settings._DISTRACTED_TIME
+      self.active_monitoring_mode = True
+    else:
+      if self.active_monitoring_mode:
+        self.awareness_active = self.awareness
+        self.awareness = self.awareness_passive
+
+      self.threshold_pre = self.settings._AWARENESS_PRE_TIME_TILL_TERMINAL / self.settings._AWARENESS_TIME
+      self.threshold_prompt = self.settings._AWARENESS_PROMPT_TIME_TILL_TERMINAL / self.settings._AWARENESS_TIME
+      self.step_change = self.settings._DT_DMON / self.settings._AWARENESS_TIME
+      self.active_monitoring_mode = False
+
+  def _set_policy(self, brake_disengage_prob, car_speed):
+    bp = brake_disengage_prob
+    k1 = max(-0.00156*((car_speed-16)**2)+0.6, 0.2)
+    bp_normal = max(min(bp / k1, 0.5),0)
+    self.pose.cfactor_pitch = np.interp(bp_normal, [0, 0.5],
+                                           [self.settings._POSE_PITCH_THRESHOLD_SLACK,
+                                            self.settings._POSE_PITCH_THRESHOLD_STRICT]) / self.settings._POSE_PITCH_THRESHOLD
+    self.pose.cfactor_yaw = np.interp(bp_normal, [0, 0.5],
+                                           [self.settings._POSE_YAW_THRESHOLD_SLACK,
+                                            self.settings._POSE_YAW_THRESHOLD_STRICT]) / self.settings._POSE_YAW_THRESHOLD
+
+  def _get_distracted_types(self):
+    distracted_types = []
+
+    if not self.pose.calibrated:
+      pitch_error = self.pose.pitch - self.settings._PITCH_NATURAL_OFFSET
+      yaw_error = self.pose.yaw - self.settings._YAW_NATURAL_OFFSET
+    else:
+      pitch_error = self.pose.pitch - min(max(self.pose.pitch_offseter.filtered_stat.mean(),
+                                                       self.settings._PITCH_MIN_OFFSET), self.settings._PITCH_MAX_OFFSET)
+      yaw_error = self.pose.yaw - min(max(self.pose.yaw_offseter.filtered_stat.mean(),
+                                                    self.settings._YAW_MIN_OFFSET), self.settings._YAW_MAX_OFFSET)
+    pitch_error = 0 if pitch_error > 0 else abs(pitch_error) # no positive pitch limit
+    yaw_error = abs(yaw_error)
+
+    pitch_threshold = self.settings._POSE_PITCH_THRESHOLD * self.pose.cfactor_pitch if self.pose.calibrated else self.settings._PITCH_NATURAL_THRESHOLD
+    yaw_threshold = self.settings._POSE_YAW_THRESHOLD * self.pose.cfactor_yaw
+
+    if pitch_error > pitch_threshold or yaw_error > yaw_threshold:
+      distracted_types.append(DistractedType.DISTRACTED_POSE)
+
+    if (self.blink.left + self.blink.right)*0.5 > self.settings._BLINK_THRESHOLD:
+      distracted_types.append(DistractedType.DISTRACTED_BLINK)
+
+    if self.phone.prob_calibrated:
+      using_phone = self.phone.prob > max(min(self.phone.prob_offseter.filtered_stat.M, self.settings._PHONE_MAX_OFFSET), self.settings._PHONE_MIN_OFFSET) \
+                                      * self.settings._PHONE_THRESH2
+    else:
+      using_phone = self.phone.prob > self.settings._PHONE_THRESH
+    if using_phone:
+      distracted_types.append(DistractedType.DISTRACTED_PHONE)
+
+    return distracted_types
+
+  def _update_states(self, driver_state, cal_rpy, car_speed, op_engaged, standstill, demo_mode=False):
+    rhd_pred = driver_state.wheelOnRightProb
+    # calibrates only when there's movement and either face detected
+    if car_speed > self.settings._WHEELPOS_CALIB_MIN_SPEED and (driver_state.leftDriverData.faceProb > self.settings._FACE_THRESHOLD or
+                                          driver_state.rightDriverData.faceProb > self.settings._FACE_THRESHOLD):
+      self.wheelpos.prob_offseter.push_and_update(rhd_pred)
+
+    self.wheelpos.prob_calibrated = self.wheelpos.prob_offseter.filtered_stat.n > self.settings._WHEELPOS_FILTER_MIN_COUNT
+
+    if self.wheelpos.prob_calibrated or demo_mode:
+      self.wheel_on_right = self.wheelpos.prob_offseter.filtered_stat.M > self.settings._WHEELPOS_THRESHOLD
+    else:
+      self.wheel_on_right = self.wheel_on_right_default # use default/saved if calibration is unfinished
+    # make sure no switching when engaged
+    if op_engaged and self.wheel_on_right_last is not None and self.wheel_on_right_last != self.wheel_on_right and not demo_mode:
+      self.wheel_on_right = self.wheel_on_right_last
+    driver_data = driver_state.rightDriverData if self.wheel_on_right else driver_state.leftDriverData
+    if not all(len(x) > 0 for x in (driver_data.faceOrientation, driver_data.facePosition,
+                                    driver_data.faceOrientationStd, driver_data.facePositionStd)):
+      return
+
+    self.face_detected = driver_data.faceProb > self.settings._FACE_THRESHOLD
+    self.pose.roll, self.pose.pitch, self.pose.yaw = face_orientation_from_net(driver_data.faceOrientation, driver_data.facePosition, cal_rpy)
+    if self.wheel_on_right:
+      self.pose.yaw *= -1
+    self.wheel_on_right_last = self.wheel_on_right
+    self.pose.pitch_std = driver_data.faceOrientationStd[0]
+    self.pose.yaw_std = driver_data.faceOrientationStd[1]
+    model_std_max = max(self.pose.pitch_std, self.pose.yaw_std)
+    self.pose.low_std = model_std_max < self.settings._POSESTD_THRESHOLD
+    self.blink.left = driver_data.leftBlinkProb * (driver_data.leftEyeProb > self.settings._EYE_THRESHOLD) \
+                      * (driver_data.sunglassesProb < self.settings._SG_THRESHOLD)
+    self.blink.right = driver_data.rightBlinkProb * (driver_data.rightEyeProb > self.settings._EYE_THRESHOLD) \
+                      * (driver_data.sunglassesProb < self.settings._SG_THRESHOLD)
+    self.phone.prob = driver_data.phoneProb
+
+    self.distracted_types = self._get_distracted_types()
+    self.driver_distracted = (DistractedType.DISTRACTED_PHONE in self.distracted_types
+                              or DistractedType.DISTRACTED_POSE in self.distracted_types
+                              or DistractedType.DISTRACTED_BLINK in self.distracted_types) \
+                              and driver_data.faceProb > self.settings._FACE_THRESHOLD and self.pose.low_std
+    self.driver_distraction_filter.update(self.driver_distracted)
+
+    # update offseter
+    # only update when driver is actively driving the car above a certain speed
+    if self.face_detected and car_speed > self.settings._POSE_CALIB_MIN_SPEED and self.pose.low_std and (not op_engaged or not self.driver_distracted):
+      self.pose.pitch_offseter.push_and_update(self.pose.pitch)
+      self.pose.yaw_offseter.push_and_update(self.pose.yaw)
+      self.phone.prob_offseter.push_and_update(self.phone.prob)
+
+    self.pose.calibrated = self.pose.pitch_offseter.filtered_stat.n > self.settings._POSE_OFFSET_MIN_COUNT and \
+                           self.pose.yaw_offseter.filtered_stat.n > self.settings._POSE_OFFSET_MIN_COUNT
+    self.phone.prob_calibrated = self.phone.prob_offseter.filtered_stat.n > self.settings._POSE_OFFSET_MIN_COUNT
+
+    if self.face_detected and not self.driver_distracted:
+      if model_std_max > self.settings._DCAM_UNCERTAIN_ALERT_THRESHOLD:
+        if not standstill:
+          self.dcam_uncertain_cnt += 1
+          self.dcam_reset_cnt = 0
+      else:
+        self.dcam_reset_cnt += 1
+        if self.dcam_reset_cnt > self.settings._DCAM_UNCERTAIN_RESET_COUNT:
+          self.dcam_uncertain_cnt = 0
+
+    self.is_model_uncertain = self.hi_stds > self.settings._HI_STD_FALLBACK_TIME
+    self._set_timers(self.face_detected and not self.is_model_uncertain)
+    if self.face_detected and not self.pose.low_std and not self.driver_distracted:
+      self.hi_stds += 1
+    elif self.face_detected and self.pose.low_std:
+      self.hi_stds = 0
+
+  def _update_events(self, driver_engaged, op_engaged, standstill, wrong_gear, car_speed):
+    self._reset_events()
+    # Block engaging until ignition cycle after max number or time of distractions
+    if self.terminal_alert_cnt >= self.settings._MAX_TERMINAL_ALERTS or \
+       self.terminal_time >= self.settings._MAX_TERMINAL_DURATION:
+      if not self.too_distracted:
+        self.params.put_bool_nonblocking("DriverTooDistracted", True)
+      self.too_distracted = True
+
+    # Always-on distraction lockout is temporary
+    if self.too_distracted or (self.always_on and self.awareness <= self.threshold_prompt):
+      self.current_events.add(EventName.tooDistracted)
+
+    always_on_valid = self.always_on and not wrong_gear
+    if (driver_engaged and self.awareness > 0 and not self.active_monitoring_mode) or \
+       (not always_on_valid and not op_engaged) or \
+       (always_on_valid and not op_engaged and self.awareness <= 0):
+      # always reset on disengage with normal mode; disengage resets only on red if always on
+      self._reset_awareness()
+      return
+
+    driver_attentive = self.driver_distraction_filter.x < 0.37
+    awareness_prev = self.awareness
+
+    if (driver_attentive and self.face_detected and self.pose.low_std and self.awareness > 0):
+      if driver_engaged:
+        self._reset_awareness()
+        return
+      # only restore awareness when paying attention and alert is not red
+      self.awareness = min(self.awareness + ((self.settings._RECOVERY_FACTOR_MAX-self.settings._RECOVERY_FACTOR_MIN)*
+                                             (1.-self.awareness)+self.settings._RECOVERY_FACTOR_MIN)*self.step_change, 1.)
+      if self.awareness == 1.:
+        self.awareness_passive = min(self.awareness_passive + self.step_change, 1.)
+      # don't display alert banner when awareness is recovering and has cleared orange
+      if self.awareness > self.threshold_prompt:
+        return
+
+    _reaching_audible = self.awareness - self.step_change <= self.threshold_prompt
+    _reaching_terminal = self.awareness - self.step_change <= 0
+    standstill_orange_exemption = standstill and _reaching_audible
+    always_on_red_exemption = always_on_valid and not op_engaged and _reaching_terminal
+    always_on_lowspeed_exemption = always_on_valid and not op_engaged and car_speed < self.settings._ALWAYS_ON_ALERT_MIN_SPEED
+
+    certainly_distracted = self.driver_distraction_filter.x > 0.63 and self.driver_distracted and self.face_detected
+    maybe_distracted = self.hi_stds > self.settings._HI_STD_FALLBACK_TIME or not self.face_detected
+
+    if certainly_distracted or maybe_distracted:
+      # should always be counting if distracted unless at standstill (lowspeed for always-on) and reaching orange
+      # also will not be reaching 0 if DM is active when not engaged
+      if not (standstill_orange_exemption or always_on_red_exemption or (always_on_lowspeed_exemption and _reaching_audible)):
+        self.awareness = max(self.awareness - self.step_change, -0.1)
+
+    alert = None
+    if self.awareness <= 0.:
+      # terminal red alert: disengagement required
+      alert = EventName.driverDistracted if self.active_monitoring_mode else EventName.driverUnresponsive
+      self.terminal_time += 1
+      if awareness_prev > 0.:
+        self.terminal_alert_cnt += 1
+    elif self.awareness <= self.threshold_prompt:
+      # prompt orange alert
+      alert = EventName.promptDriverDistracted if self.active_monitoring_mode else EventName.promptDriverUnresponsive
+    elif self.awareness <= self.threshold_pre and not always_on_lowspeed_exemption:
+      # pre green alert
+      alert = EventName.preDriverDistracted if self.active_monitoring_mode else EventName.preDriverUnresponsive
+
+    if alert is not None:
+      self.current_events.add(alert)
+
+  def get_state_packet(self, valid=True):
+    # build driverMonitoringState packet
+    dat = messaging.new_message('driverMonitoringState', valid=valid)
+    dat.driverMonitoringState = {
+      "events": self.current_events.to_msg(),
+      "faceDetected": self.face_detected,
+      "isDistracted": self.driver_distracted,
+      "distractedType": sum(self.distracted_types),
+      "awarenessStatus": self.awareness,
+      "posePitchOffset": self.pose.pitch_offseter.filtered_stat.mean(),
+      "posePitchValidCount": self.pose.pitch_offseter.filtered_stat.n,
+      "poseYawOffset": self.pose.yaw_offseter.filtered_stat.mean(),
+      "poseYawValidCount": self.pose.yaw_offseter.filtered_stat.n,
+      "phoneProbOffset": self.phone.prob_offseter.filtered_stat.mean(),
+      "phoneProbValidCount": self.phone.prob_offseter.filtered_stat.n,
+      "stepChange": self.step_change,
+      "awarenessActive": self.awareness_active,
+      "awarenessPassive": self.awareness_passive,
+      "isLowStd": self.pose.low_std,
+      "hiStdCount": self.hi_stds,
+      "isActiveMode": self.active_monitoring_mode,
+      "isRHD": self.wheel_on_right,
+      "uncertainCount": self.dcam_uncertain_cnt,
+    }
+    return dat
+
+  def run_step(self, sm, demo=False):
+    if demo:
+      highway_speed = 30
+      enabled = True
+      wrong_gear = False
+      standstill = False
+      driver_engaged = False
+      brake_disengage_prob = 1.0
+      rpyCalib = [0., 0., 0.]
+    else:
+      highway_speed = sm['carState'].vEgo
+      enabled = sm['selfdriveState'].enabled or sm['carControl'].latActive
+      wrong_gear = sm['carState'].gearShifter not in (car.CarState.GearShifter.drive, car.CarState.GearShifter.low)
+      standstill = sm['carState'].standstill
+      driver_engaged = sm['carState'].steeringPressed or sm['carState'].gasPressed
+      brake_disengage_prob = sm['modelV2'].meta.disengagePredictions.brakeDisengageProbs[0] # brake disengage prob in next 2s
+      calib_rpy = get_calibrated_rpy(sm['liveCalibration'])
+      rpyCalib = calib_rpy.tolist() if calib_rpy is not None else [0., 0., 0.]
+    self._set_policy(
+      brake_disengage_prob=brake_disengage_prob,
+      car_speed=highway_speed,
+    )
+
+    # Parse data from dmonitoringmodeld
+    self._update_states(
+      driver_state=sm['driverStateV2'],
+      cal_rpy=rpyCalib,
+      car_speed=highway_speed,
+      op_engaged=enabled,
+      standstill=standstill,
+      demo_mode=demo,
+    )
+
+    # Update distraction events
+    self._update_events(
+      driver_engaged=driver_engaged,
+      op_engaged=enabled,
+      standstill=standstill,
+      wrong_gear=wrong_gear,
+      car_speed=highway_speed
+    )
diff --git a/selfdrive/monitoring/policy.py b/selfdrive/monitoring/policy.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 1c55b4d..0000000
--- a/selfdrive/monitoring/policy.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,467 +0,0 @@
-from collections import defaultdict
-from math import atan2, radians
-import numpy as np
-
-from cereal import car, log
-import cereal.messaging as messaging
-from openpilot.common.realtime import DT_DMON
-from openpilot.common.filter_simple import FirstOrderFilter
-from openpilot.common.params import Params
-from openpilot.common.stat_live import RunningStatFilter
-from openpilot.common.transformations.camera import DEVICE_CAMERAS
-
-AlertLevel = log.DriverMonitoringState.AlertLevel
-MonitoringPolicy = log.DriverMonitoringState.MonitoringPolicy
-
-def to_percent(v):
-  return int(min(max(v * 100., 0.), 100.))
-
-# ******************************************************************************************
-#  NOTE: To fork maintainers.
-#  Disabling or nerfing safety features will get you and your users banned from our servers.
-#  We recommend that you do not change these numbers from the defaults.
-# ******************************************************************************************
-
-class DRIVER_MONITOR_SETTINGS:
-  def __init__(self):
-    # https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ:L_202501899
-    self._ALERT_MIN_SPEED = 2.8  # 10 km/h
-
-    self._WHEELTOUCH_POLICY_ALERT_1_TIMEOUT = 5.
-    self._WHEELTOUCH_POLICY_ALERT_2_TIMEOUT = 15.
-    self._WHEELTOUCH_POLICY_ALERT_3_TIMEOUT = 25.
-    self._VISION_POLICY_ALERT_1_TIMEOUT = 5.
-    self._VISION_POLICY_ALERT_2_TIMEOUT = 8.
-    self._VISION_POLICY_ALERT_3_TIMEOUT = 13.
-
-    # no response = alert_3 sustained for certain amount of time
-    self._NO_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT = 5.
-
-    # lockout specs
-    self._MAX_ALERT_3 = 2
-    self._MAX_NO_RESPONSE = 1
-    self._LOCKOUT_TIMES = [int(60 * n_min / DT_DMON) for n_min in [1, 5, 15, 30]]
-
-    self._TIMEOUT_RECOVERY_FACTOR_MAX = 5.
-    self._TIMEOUT_RECOVERY_FACTOR_MIN = 1.25
-
-    self._FACE_THRESHOLD = 0.7
-    self._EYE_THRESHOLD = 0.65
-    self._SG_THRESHOLD = 0.9
-    self._BLINK_THRESHOLD = 0.865
-    self._PHONE_THRESH = 0.5
-    self._POSE_PITCH_THRESHOLD = 0.3133
-    self._POSE_PITCH_THRESHOLD_SLACK = 0.3237
-    self._POSE_PITCH_THRESHOLD_STRICT = self._POSE_PITCH_THRESHOLD
-    self._POSE_YAW_THRESHOLD = 0.4020
-    self._POSE_YAW_THRESHOLD_SLACK = 0.5042
-    self._POSE_YAW_THRESHOLD_STRICT = self._POSE_YAW_THRESHOLD
-    self._POSE_YAW_MIN_STEER_DEG = 30
-    self._POSE_YAW_STEER_FACTOR = 0.15
-    self._POSE_YAW_STEER_MAX_OFFSET = 0.3927
-    self._PITCH_NATURAL_OFFSET = 0.011 # initial value before offset is learned
-    self._PITCH_NATURAL_THRESHOLD = 0.449
-    self._YAW_NATURAL_OFFSET = 0.075 # initial value before offset is learned
-    self._PITCH_NATURAL_VAR = 3*0.01
-    self._YAW_NATURAL_VAR = 3*0.05
-    self._PITCH_MAX_OFFSET = 0.124
-    self._PITCH_MIN_OFFSET = -0.0881
-    self._YAW_MAX_OFFSET = 0.289
-    self._YAW_MIN_OFFSET = -0.0246
-
-    self._DCAM_UNCERTAIN_ALERT_THRESHOLD = 0.1
-    self._DCAM_UNCERTAIN_ALERT_COUNT = int(60  / DT_DMON)
-    self._DCAM_UNCERTAIN_RESET_COUNT = int(2  / DT_DMON)
-    self._HI_STD_THRESHOLD = 0.3
-    self._HI_STD_FALLBACK_TIME = int(10  / DT_DMON)  # fall back to wheel touch if model is uncertain for 10s
-    self._DISTRACTED_FILTER_TS = 0.25  # 0.6Hz
-
-    self._POSE_CALIB_MIN_SPEED = 13  # 30 mph
-    self._POSE_OFFSET_MIN_COUNT = int(60 / DT_DMON)  # valid data counts before calibration completes, 1min cumulative
-    self._POSE_OFFSET_MAX_COUNT = int(360 / DT_DMON)  # stop deweighting new data after 6 min, aka "short term memory"
-    self._WHEELPOS_CALIB_MIN_SPEED = 11
-    self._WHEELPOS_THRESHOLD = 0.5
-    self._WHEELPOS_FILTER_MIN_COUNT = int(15 / DT_DMON) # allow 15 seconds to converge wheel side
-    self._WHEELPOS_DATA_AVG = 0.03
-    self._WHEELPOS_DATA_VAR = 3*5.5e-5
-    self._WHEELPOS_MAX_COUNT = -1
-
-class DriverPose:
-  def __init__(self, settings):
-    pitch_filter_raw_priors = (settings._PITCH_NATURAL_OFFSET, settings._PITCH_NATURAL_VAR, 2)
-    yaw_filter_raw_priors = (settings._YAW_NATURAL_OFFSET, settings._YAW_NATURAL_VAR, 2)
-    self.yaw = 0.
-    self.pitch = 0.
-    self.pitch_offsetter = RunningStatFilter(raw_priors=pitch_filter_raw_priors, max_trackable=settings._POSE_OFFSET_MAX_COUNT)
-    self.yaw_offsetter = RunningStatFilter(raw_priors=yaw_filter_raw_priors, max_trackable=settings._POSE_OFFSET_MAX_COUNT)
-    self.calibrated = False
-    self.low_std = True
-    self.cfactor_pitch = 1.
-    self.cfactor_yaw = 1.
-    self.steer_yaw_offset = 0.
-
-class DriverBlink:
-  def __init__(self):
-    self.left = 0.
-    self.right = 0.
-
-# model output refers to center of undistorted+leveled image
-ref_undistorted_cam = DEVICE_CAMERAS[("tici", "ar0231")].dcam
-dcam_undistorted_FL = 598.0
-dcam_undistorted_W, dcam_undistorted_H = (ref_undistorted_cam.width, ref_undistorted_cam.height)
-
-def face_orientation_from_model(orient_model, pos_model, rpy_calib):
-  pitch_model = orient_model[0]
-  yaw_model = orient_model[1]
-
-  face_pixel_position = ((pos_model[0]+0.5)*dcam_undistorted_W, (pos_model[1]+0.5)*dcam_undistorted_H)
-  yaw_focal_angle = atan2(face_pixel_position[0] - dcam_undistorted_W//2, dcam_undistorted_FL)
-  pitch_focal_angle = atan2(face_pixel_position[1] - dcam_undistorted_H//2, dcam_undistorted_FL)
-
-  pitch = pitch_model + pitch_focal_angle
-  yaw = -yaw_model + yaw_focal_angle
-
-  pitch -= rpy_calib[1]
-  yaw -= rpy_calib[2]
-  return pitch, yaw
-
-
-class DriverMonitoring:
-  def __init__(self, rhd_saved=False, settings=None, always_on=False):
-    # init policy settings
-    self.settings = settings if settings is not None else DRIVER_MONITOR_SETTINGS()
-
-    # init driver status
-    wheelpos_filter_raw_priors = (self.settings._WHEELPOS_DATA_AVG, self.settings._WHEELPOS_DATA_VAR, 2)
-    self.wheelpos_offsetter = RunningStatFilter(raw_priors=wheelpos_filter_raw_priors, max_trackable=self.settings._WHEELPOS_MAX_COUNT)
-    self.pose = DriverPose(settings=self.settings)
-    self.blink = DriverBlink()
-    self.phone_prob = 0.
-
-    self.alert_level = AlertLevel.none
-    self.always_on = always_on
-    self.distracted_types = defaultdict(bool)
-    self.driver_distracted = False
-    self.driver_distraction_filter = FirstOrderFilter(0., self.settings._DISTRACTED_FILTER_TS, DT_DMON)
-    self.wheel_on_right = False
-    self.wheel_on_right_last = None
-    self.wheel_on_right_default = rhd_saved
-    self.face_detected = False
-    self.alert_3_cnt = 0
-    self.cnt_since_alert_3 = 0
-    self.no_response_timeout = int(self.settings._NO_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT / DT_DMON)
-    self.no_response_cnt = 0
-    self.lockout_active = Params().get_bool("DriverTooDistracted")
-    self.lockout_count = Params().get("DriverLockoutCount") or 0
-    self.lockout_duration = self.settings._LOCKOUT_TIMES[min(max(self.lockout_count - 1, 0), len(self.settings._LOCKOUT_TIMES) - 1)]
-    self.lockout_time_elapsed = 0
-    self.step_change = 0.
-    self.active_policy = MonitoringPolicy.vision
-    self.driver_interacting = False
-    self.is_model_uncertain = False
-    self.hi_stds = 0
-    self.model_std_max = 0.
-    self.threshold_alert_1 = 0.
-    self.threshold_alert_2 = 0.
-    self.dcam_uncertain_cnt = 0
-    self.dcam_reset_cnt = 0
-
-    self._reset_awareness()
-    self._set_policy(MonitoringPolicy.vision)
-
-  def _reset_awareness(self):
-    self.awareness = 1.
-    self.last_vision_awareness = 1.
-    self.last_wheeltouch_awareness = 1.
-
-  def _set_policy(self, target_policy):
-    if self.active_policy == MonitoringPolicy.vision and self.awareness <= self.threshold_alert_2:
-      if target_policy == MonitoringPolicy.vision:
-        self.step_change = DT_DMON / self.settings._VISION_POLICY_ALERT_3_TIMEOUT
-      else:
-        self.step_change = 0.
-      return  # no exploit after orange alert
-    elif self.awareness <= 0.:
-      return
-
-    if target_policy == MonitoringPolicy.vision:
-      # when falling back from passive mode to active mode, reset awareness to avoid false alert
-      if self.active_policy != MonitoringPolicy.vision:
-        self.last_wheeltouch_awareness = self.awareness
-        self.awareness = self.last_vision_awareness
-
-      self.threshold_alert_1 = 1. - self.settings._VISION_POLICY_ALERT_1_TIMEOUT / self.settings._VISION_POLICY_ALERT_3_TIMEOUT
-      self.threshold_alert_2 = 1. - self.settings._VISION_POLICY_ALERT_2_TIMEOUT / self.settings._VISION_POLICY_ALERT_3_TIMEOUT
-      self.step_change = DT_DMON / self.settings._VISION_POLICY_ALERT_3_TIMEOUT
-      self.active_policy = MonitoringPolicy.vision
-    else:
-      if self.active_policy == MonitoringPolicy.vision:
-        self.last_vision_awareness = self.awareness
-        self.awareness = self.last_wheeltouch_awareness
-
-      self.threshold_alert_1 = 1. - self.settings._WHEELTOUCH_POLICY_ALERT_1_TIMEOUT / self.settings._WHEELTOUCH_POLICY_ALERT_3_TIMEOUT
-      self.threshold_alert_2 = 1. - self.settings._WHEELTOUCH_POLICY_ALERT_2_TIMEOUT / self.settings._WHEELTOUCH_POLICY_ALERT_3_TIMEOUT
-      self.step_change = DT_DMON / self.settings._WHEELTOUCH_POLICY_ALERT_3_TIMEOUT
-      self.active_policy = MonitoringPolicy.wheeltouch
-
-  def _set_pose_strictness(self, brake_disengage_prob, car_speed):
-    bp = brake_disengage_prob
-    k1 = max(-0.00156*((car_speed-16)**2)+0.6, 0.2)
-    bp_normal = max(min(bp / k1, 0.5),0)
-    self.pose.cfactor_pitch = np.interp(bp_normal, [0, 0.5],
-                                           [self.settings._POSE_PITCH_THRESHOLD_SLACK,
-                                            self.settings._POSE_PITCH_THRESHOLD_STRICT]) / self.settings._POSE_PITCH_THRESHOLD
-    self.pose.cfactor_yaw = np.interp(bp_normal, [0, 0.5],
-                                           [self.settings._POSE_YAW_THRESHOLD_SLACK,
-                                            self.settings._POSE_YAW_THRESHOLD_STRICT]) / self.settings._POSE_YAW_THRESHOLD
-
-  def _get_distracted_types(self):
-    self.distracted_types = defaultdict(bool)
-
-    if not self.pose.calibrated:
-      pitch_error = self.pose.pitch - self.settings._PITCH_NATURAL_OFFSET
-      yaw_error = self.pose.yaw - self.settings._YAW_NATURAL_OFFSET
-    else:
-      pitch_error = self.pose.pitch - min(max(self.pose.pitch_offsetter.filtered_stat.mean(),
-                                                       self.settings._PITCH_MIN_OFFSET), self.settings._PITCH_MAX_OFFSET)
-      yaw_error = self.pose.yaw - min(max(self.pose.yaw_offsetter.filtered_stat.mean(),
-                                                    self.settings._YAW_MIN_OFFSET), self.settings._YAW_MAX_OFFSET)
-    pitch_error = 0 if pitch_error > 0 else abs(pitch_error) # no positive pitch limit
-
-    if yaw_error * self.pose.steer_yaw_offset > 0: # unidirectional
-      yaw_error = max(abs(yaw_error) - min(abs(self.pose.steer_yaw_offset), self.settings._POSE_YAW_STEER_MAX_OFFSET), 0.)
-    else:
-      yaw_error = abs(yaw_error)
-
-    pitch_threshold = self.settings._POSE_PITCH_THRESHOLD * self.pose.cfactor_pitch if self.pose.calibrated else self.settings._PITCH_NATURAL_THRESHOLD
-    yaw_threshold = self.settings._POSE_YAW_THRESHOLD * self.pose.cfactor_yaw
-
-    self.distracted_types['pose'] = bool((pitch_error > pitch_threshold) or (yaw_error > yaw_threshold))
-    self.distracted_types['eye'] = bool((self.blink.left + self.blink.right)*0.5 > self.settings._BLINK_THRESHOLD)
-    self.distracted_types['phone'] = bool(self.phone_prob > self.settings._PHONE_THRESH)
-
-  def _update_states(self, driver_state, cal_rpy, car_speed, op_engaged, lowspeed, demo_mode=False, steering_angle_deg=0.):
-    rhd_pred = driver_state.wheelOnRightProb
-    # calibrates only when there's movement and either face detected
-    if car_speed > self.settings._WHEELPOS_CALIB_MIN_SPEED and (driver_state.leftDriverData.faceProb > self.settings._FACE_THRESHOLD or
-                                          driver_state.rightDriverData.faceProb > self.settings._FACE_THRESHOLD):
-      self.wheelpos_offsetter.push_and_update(rhd_pred)
-
-    wheelpos_calibrated = self.wheelpos_offsetter.filtered_stat.n >= self.settings._WHEELPOS_FILTER_MIN_COUNT
-
-    if wheelpos_calibrated or demo_mode:
-      self.wheel_on_right = self.wheelpos_offsetter.filtered_stat.M > self.settings._WHEELPOS_THRESHOLD
-    else:
-      self.wheel_on_right = self.wheel_on_right_default # use default/saved if calibration is unfinished
-    # make sure no switching when engaged
-    if op_engaged and self.wheel_on_right_last is not None and self.wheel_on_right_last != self.wheel_on_right and not demo_mode:
-      self.wheel_on_right = self.wheel_on_right_last
-    driver_data = driver_state.rightDriverData if self.wheel_on_right else driver_state.leftDriverData
-    if not all(len(x) > 0 for x in (driver_data.faceOrientation, driver_data.facePosition,
-                                    driver_data.faceOrientationStd, driver_data.facePositionStd)):
-      return
-
-    self.face_detected = driver_data.faceProb > self.settings._FACE_THRESHOLD
-    self.pose.pitch, self.pose.yaw = face_orientation_from_model(driver_data.faceOrientation, driver_data.facePosition, cal_rpy)
-    steer_d = max(abs(steering_angle_deg) - self.settings._POSE_YAW_MIN_STEER_DEG, 0.)
-    self.pose.steer_yaw_offset = radians(steer_d) * -np.sign(steering_angle_deg) * self.settings._POSE_YAW_STEER_FACTOR
-    if self.wheel_on_right:
-      self.pose.yaw *= -1
-      self.pose.steer_yaw_offset *= -1
-    self.wheel_on_right_last = self.wheel_on_right
-    self.model_std_max = max(driver_data.faceOrientationStd[0], driver_data.faceOrientationStd[1])
-    self.pose.low_std = self.model_std_max < self.settings._HI_STD_THRESHOLD
-    self.blink.left = driver_data.leftBlinkProb * (driver_data.leftEyeProb > self.settings._EYE_THRESHOLD) \
-                      * (driver_data.sunglassesProb < self.settings._SG_THRESHOLD)
-    self.blink.right = driver_data.rightBlinkProb * (driver_data.rightEyeProb > self.settings._EYE_THRESHOLD) \
-                      * (driver_data.sunglassesProb < self.settings._SG_THRESHOLD)
-    self.phone_prob = driver_data.phoneProb
-
-    self._get_distracted_types()
-    self.driver_distracted = any(self.distracted_types.values()) and driver_data.faceProb > self.settings._FACE_THRESHOLD and self.pose.low_std
-    self.driver_distraction_filter.update(self.driver_distracted)
-
-    # only update offsetter when driver is actively driving the car above a certain speed
-    if self.face_detected and car_speed > self.settings._POSE_CALIB_MIN_SPEED and self.pose.low_std and (not op_engaged or not self.driver_distracted):
-      self.pose.pitch_offsetter.push_and_update(self.pose.pitch)
-      self.pose.yaw_offsetter.push_and_update(self.pose.yaw)
-
-    self.pose.calibrated = self.pose.pitch_offsetter.filtered_stat.n >= self.settings._POSE_OFFSET_MIN_COUNT and \
-                           self.pose.yaw_offsetter.filtered_stat.n >= self.settings._POSE_OFFSET_MIN_COUNT
-
-    if self.face_detected and not self.driver_distracted:
-      dcam_uncertain = self.model_std_max > self.settings._DCAM_UNCERTAIN_ALERT_THRESHOLD
-      if dcam_uncertain and not lowspeed:
-        self.dcam_uncertain_cnt += 1
-        self.dcam_reset_cnt = 0
-      else:
-        self.dcam_reset_cnt += 1
-        if self.dcam_reset_cnt > self.settings._DCAM_UNCERTAIN_RESET_COUNT:
-          self.dcam_uncertain_cnt = 0
-
-    self.is_model_uncertain = self.hi_stds >= self.settings._HI_STD_FALLBACK_TIME
-    self._set_policy(MonitoringPolicy.vision if self.face_detected and not self.is_model_uncertain else MonitoringPolicy.wheeltouch)
-    if self.face_detected and not self.pose.low_std and not self.driver_distracted:
-      self.hi_stds += 1
-    elif self.face_detected and self.pose.low_std:
-      self.hi_stds = 0
-
-  def _update_events(self, driver_engaged, op_engaged, lowspeed, wrong_gear):
-    self.alert_level = AlertLevel.none
-    self.driver_interacting = driver_engaged
-
-    if self.alert_3_cnt >= self.settings._MAX_ALERT_3 or self.no_response_cnt >= self.settings._MAX_NO_RESPONSE:
-      if not self.lockout_active:
-        self.lockout_count += 1
-        self.lockout_duration = self.settings._LOCKOUT_TIMES[min(self.lockout_count - 1, len(self.settings._LOCKOUT_TIMES) - 1)]
-        Params().put("DriverLockoutCount", self.lockout_count)
-      self.lockout_active = True
-
-    if self.lockout_active:
-      self.lockout_time_elapsed += 1
-      if self.lockout_time_elapsed > self.lockout_duration:
-        self.lockout_active = False
-        self.alert_3_cnt = 0
-        self.cnt_since_alert_3 = 0
-        self.no_response_cnt = 0
-        self.lockout_time_elapsed = 0
-
-    always_on_valid = self.always_on and not wrong_gear
-    if (self.driver_interacting and self.awareness > 0 and self.active_policy == MonitoringPolicy.wheeltouch) or \
-       (not always_on_valid and not op_engaged) or \
-       (always_on_valid and not op_engaged and self.awareness <= 0):
-      # always reset on disengage with normal mode; disengage resets only on red if always on
-      self._reset_awareness()
-      return
-
-    awareness_prev = self.awareness
-    _reaching_alert_1 = self.awareness - self.step_change <= self.threshold_alert_1
-    _reaching_alert_3 = self.awareness - self.step_change <= 0
-    lowspeed_exemption = lowspeed and _reaching_alert_1
-    always_on_exemption = always_on_valid and not op_engaged and _reaching_alert_3
-
-    if self.awareness > 0 and \
-       ((self.driver_distraction_filter.x < 0.37 and self.face_detected and self.pose.low_std) or lowspeed_exemption):
-      if self.driver_interacting:
-        self._reset_awareness()
-        return
-      # only restore awareness when paying attention and alert is not red
-      self.awareness = min(self.awareness + ((self.settings._TIMEOUT_RECOVERY_FACTOR_MAX-self.settings._TIMEOUT_RECOVERY_FACTOR_MIN)*
-                                             (1.-self.awareness)+self.settings._TIMEOUT_RECOVERY_FACTOR_MIN)*self.step_change, 1.)
-      if self.awareness == 1.:
-        self.last_wheeltouch_awareness = min(self.last_wheeltouch_awareness + self.step_change, 1.)
-      # don't display alert banner when awareness is recovering and has cleared orange
-      if self.awareness > self.threshold_alert_2:
-        return
-
-    certainly_distracted = self.driver_distraction_filter.x > 0.63 and self.driver_distracted and self.face_detected
-    maybe_distracted = self.is_model_uncertain or not self.face_detected
-
-    if certainly_distracted or maybe_distracted:
-      # should always be counting if distracted unless at low speed and reaching green
-      # also will not be reaching 0 if DM is active when not engaged
-      if not (lowspeed_exemption or always_on_exemption):
-        self.awareness = max(self.awareness - self.step_change, -0.1)
-
-    if self.awareness <= 0.:
-      # terminal alert: disengagement required
-      self.alert_level = AlertLevel.three
-      if awareness_prev > 0.:
-        self.alert_3_cnt += 1
-        self.cnt_since_alert_3 = 0
-      else:
-        self.cnt_since_alert_3 += 1
-      if self.cnt_since_alert_3 == self.no_response_timeout:
-        self.no_response_cnt += 1
-    else:
-      if self.awareness <= self.threshold_alert_2:
-        self.alert_level = AlertLevel.two
-      elif self.awareness <= self.threshold_alert_1:
-        self.alert_level = AlertLevel.one
-
-  def get_state_packet(self, valid=True):
-    # build driverMonitoringState packet
-    dat = messaging.new_message('driverMonitoringState', valid=valid)
-    dm = dat.driverMonitoringState
-
-    dm.lockout = self.lockout_active
-    dm.lockoutCount = self.lockout_count
-    if self.lockout_active:
-      dm.lockoutMinutesRemaining = max(1, round((self.lockout_duration - self.lockout_time_elapsed) * DT_DMON / 60.))
-    dm.alert3Count = self.alert_3_cnt
-    dm.noResponseCount = self.no_response_cnt
-    dm.noResponseForceDecel = self.alert_level == AlertLevel.three and self.cnt_since_alert_3 >= self.no_response_timeout
-    dm.alwaysOn = self.always_on
-    dm.alwaysOnLockout = self.always_on and self.awareness <= self.threshold_alert_2
-    dm.alertLevel = self.alert_level
-    dm.activePolicy = self.active_policy
-    dm.isRHD = self.wheel_on_right
-    dm.rhdCalibration.calibratedPercent = to_percent(self.wheelpos_offsetter.filtered_stat.n / self.settings._WHEELPOS_FILTER_MIN_COUNT)
-    dm.rhdCalibration.offset = self.wheelpos_offsetter.filtered_stat.M
-
-    dm.visionPolicyState.awarenessPercent = to_percent(self.last_vision_awareness if self.active_policy != MonitoringPolicy.vision else self.awareness)
-    dm.visionPolicyState.awarenessStep = self.step_change if self.active_policy == MonitoringPolicy.vision else 0.
-    dm.visionPolicyState.isDistracted = self.driver_distracted
-    dm.visionPolicyState.distractedTypes.pose = self.distracted_types['pose']
-    dm.visionPolicyState.distractedTypes.eye = self.distracted_types['eye']
-    dm.visionPolicyState.distractedTypes.phone = self.distracted_types['phone']
-    dm.visionPolicyState.faceDetected = self.face_detected
-    dm.visionPolicyState.pose.pitch = self.pose.pitch
-    dm.visionPolicyState.pose.yaw = self.pose.yaw
-    dm.visionPolicyState.pose.calibrated = self.pose.calibrated
-    dm.visionPolicyState.pose.pitchCalib.calibratedPercent = to_percent(self.pose.pitch_offsetter.filtered_stat.n / self.settings._POSE_OFFSET_MIN_COUNT)
-    dm.visionPolicyState.pose.pitchCalib.offset = self.pose.pitch_offsetter.filtered_stat.M
-    dm.visionPolicyState.pose.yawCalib.calibratedPercent = to_percent(self.pose.yaw_offsetter.filtered_stat.n / self.settings._POSE_OFFSET_MIN_COUNT)
-    dm.visionPolicyState.pose.yawCalib.offset = self.pose.yaw_offsetter.filtered_stat.M
-    dm.visionPolicyState.pose.uncertainty = self.model_std_max
-    dm.visionPolicyState.wheeltouchFallbackPercent = to_percent(self.hi_stds / self.settings._HI_STD_FALLBACK_TIME)
-    dm.visionPolicyState.uncertainOffroadAlertPercent = to_percent(self.dcam_uncertain_cnt / self.settings._DCAM_UNCERTAIN_ALERT_COUNT)
-
-    dm.wheeltouchPolicyState.awarenessPercent = to_percent(self.last_wheeltouch_awareness if self.active_policy == MonitoringPolicy.vision else self.awareness)
-    dm.wheeltouchPolicyState.awarenessStep = 0. if self.active_policy == MonitoringPolicy.vision else self.step_change
-    dm.wheeltouchPolicyState.driverInteracting = self.driver_interacting
-    return dat
-
-  def run_step(self, sm, demo=False):
-    if demo:
-      car_speed = 30
-      enabled = True
-      wrong_gear = False
-      lowspeed = False
-      driver_engaged = False
-      brake_disengage_prob = 1.0
-      steering_angle_deg = 0.0
-      rpyCalib = [0., 0., 0.]
-    else:
-      car_speed = sm['carState'].vEgo
-      enabled = sm['selfdriveState'].enabled
-      wrong_gear = sm['carState'].gearShifter not in (car.CarState.GearShifter.drive, car.CarState.GearShifter.low)
-      lowspeed = car_speed < self.settings._ALERT_MIN_SPEED
-      driver_engaged = sm['carState'].steeringPressed or sm['carState'].gasPressed
-      brake_disengage_prob = sm['modelV2'].meta.disengagePredictions.brakeDisengageProbs[0] # brake disengage prob in next 2s
-      steering_angle_deg = sm['carState'].steeringAngleDeg
-      rpyCalib = sm['liveCalibration'].rpyCalib
-
-    self._set_pose_strictness(
-      brake_disengage_prob=brake_disengage_prob,
-      car_speed=car_speed,
-    )
-
-    # Parse data from dmonitoringmodeld
-    self._update_states(
-      driver_state=sm['driverStateV2'],
-      cal_rpy=rpyCalib,
-      car_speed=car_speed,
-      op_engaged=enabled,
-      lowspeed=lowspeed,
-      demo_mode=demo,
-      steering_angle_deg=steering_angle_deg,
-    )
-
-    # Update distraction events
-    self._update_events(
-      driver_engaged=driver_engaged,
-      op_engaged=enabled,
-      lowspeed=lowspeed,
-      wrong_gear=wrong_gear,
-    )
diff --git a/selfdrive/monitoring/test_dmonitoringd.py b/selfdrive/monitoring/test_dmonitoringd.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 8aae92e..0000000
--- a/selfdrive/monitoring/test_dmonitoringd.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-from types import SimpleNamespace
-
-import pytest
-
-from openpilot.selfdrive.monitoring.dmonitoringd import get_dm_inputs
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("enabled, lat_active, expected", [
-  (False, False, False),
-  (True, False, True),
-  (False, True, True),
-  (True, True, True),
-])
-def test_iq_enabled_adapter(enabled, lat_active, expected):
-  sm = {
-    'driverStateV2': object(),
-    'liveCalibration': object(),
-    'carState': object(),
-    'selfdriveState': SimpleNamespace(enabled=enabled),
-    'modelV2': object(),
-    'carControl': SimpleNamespace(latActive=lat_active),
-  }
-
-  assert get_dm_inputs(sm)['selfdriveState'].enabled == expected
diff --git a/selfdrive/monitoring/test_monitoring.py b/selfdrive/monitoring/test_monitoring.py
index 37606fe..fef6a7e 100644
--- a/selfdrive/monitoring/test_monitoring.py
+++ b/selfdrive/monitoring/test_monitoring.py
@@ -1,15 +1,19 @@
-from cereal import log
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+
+from cereal import log, car
 from openpilot.common.realtime import DT_DMON
-from openpilot.selfdrive.monitoring.policy import DriverMonitoring, DRIVER_MONITOR_SETTINGS
+from openpilot.selfdrive.monitoring.helpers import DriverMonitoring, DRIVER_MONITOR_SETTINGS
+from openpilot.system.hardware import HARDWARE
 
 EventName = log.OnroadEvent.EventName
-dm_settings = DRIVER_MONITOR_SETTINGS()
+dm_settings = DRIVER_MONITOR_SETTINGS(device_type=HARDWARE.get_device_type())
 
 TEST_TIMESPAN = 120  # seconds
-DISTRACTED_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE = dm_settings._VISION_POLICY_ALERT_2_TIMEOUT + 1
-DISTRACTED_SECONDS_TO_RED = dm_settings._VISION_POLICY_ALERT_3_TIMEOUT + 1
-INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE = dm_settings._WHEELTOUCH_POLICY_ALERT_2_TIMEOUT + 1
-INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_RED = dm_settings._WHEELTOUCH_POLICY_ALERT_3_TIMEOUT + 1
+DISTRACTED_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE = dm_settings._DISTRACTED_TIME - dm_settings._DISTRACTED_PROMPT_TIME_TILL_TERMINAL + 1
+DISTRACTED_SECONDS_TO_RED = dm_settings._DISTRACTED_TIME + 1
+INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE = dm_settings._AWARENESS_TIME - dm_settings._AWARENESS_PROMPT_TIME_TILL_TERMINAL + 1
+INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_RED = dm_settings._AWARENESS_TIME + 1
 
 def make_msg(face_detected, distracted=False, model_uncertain=False):
   ds = log.DriverStateV2.new_message()
@@ -33,7 +37,7 @@ msg_ATTENTIVE = make_msg(True)
 msg_DISTRACTED = make_msg(True, distracted=True)
 msg_ATTENTIVE_UNCERTAIN = make_msg(True, model_uncertain=True)
 msg_DISTRACTED_UNCERTAIN = make_msg(True, distracted=True, model_uncertain=True)
-msg_DISTRACTED_BUT_SOMEHOW_UNCERTAIN = make_msg(True, distracted=True, model_uncertain=dm_settings._HI_STD_THRESHOLD*1.5)
+msg_DISTRACTED_BUT_SOMEHOW_UNCERTAIN = make_msg(True, distracted=True, model_uncertain=dm_settings._POSESTD_THRESHOLD*1.5)
 
 # driver interaction with car
 car_interaction_DETECTED = True
@@ -47,66 +51,51 @@ always_true = [True] * int(TEST_TIMESPAN / DT_DMON)
 always_false = [False] * int(TEST_TIMESPAN / DT_DMON)
 
 class TestMonitoring:
-  def _run_seq(self, msgs, interaction, engaged, lowspeed):
+  def _run_seq(self, msgs, interaction, engaged, standstill):
     DM = DriverMonitoring()
-    alert_lvls = []
+    events = []
     for idx in range(len(msgs)):
-      DM._update_states(msgs[idx], [0, 0, 0], 0, engaged[idx], lowspeed[idx])
+      DM._update_states(msgs[idx], [0, 0, 0], 0, engaged[idx], standstill[idx])
       # cal_rpy and car_speed don't matter here
 
       # evaluate events at 10Hz for tests
-      DM._update_events(interaction[idx], engaged[idx], lowspeed[idx], 0)
-      alert_lvls.append(DM.alert_level)
-    assert len(alert_lvls) == len(msgs), f"got {len(alert_lvls)} for {len(msgs)} driverState input msgs"
-    return alert_lvls, DM
+      DM._update_events(interaction[idx], engaged[idx], standstill[idx], 0, 0)
+      events.append(DM.current_events)
+    assert len(events) == len(msgs), f"got {len(events)} for {len(msgs)} driverState input msgs"
+    return events, DM
 
+  def _assert_no_events(self, events):
+    assert all(not len(e) for e in events)
 
   # engaged, driver is attentive all the time
   def test_fully_aware_driver(self):
-    alert_lvls, d_status = self._run_seq(always_attentive, always_false, always_true, always_false)
-    assert all(a == 0 for a in alert_lvls)
-    assert d_status.active_policy == log.DriverMonitoringState.MonitoringPolicy.vision
+    events, _ = self._run_seq(always_attentive, always_false, always_true, always_false)
+    self._assert_no_events(events)
 
   # engaged, driver is distracted and does nothing
   def test_fully_distracted_driver(self):
-    alert_lvls, d_status = self._run_seq(always_distracted, always_false, always_true, always_false)
-    s = d_status.settings
-    assert alert_lvls[int(s._VISION_POLICY_ALERT_1_TIMEOUT / 2 / DT_DMON)] == 0
-    assert alert_lvls[int((s._VISION_POLICY_ALERT_1_TIMEOUT + \
-                    (s._VISION_POLICY_ALERT_2_TIMEOUT - s._VISION_POLICY_ALERT_1_TIMEOUT) / 2) / DT_DMON)] == 1
-    assert alert_lvls[int((s._VISION_POLICY_ALERT_2_TIMEOUT + \
-                    (s._VISION_POLICY_ALERT_3_TIMEOUT - s._VISION_POLICY_ALERT_2_TIMEOUT) / 2) / DT_DMON)] == 2
-    assert alert_lvls[int((s._VISION_POLICY_ALERT_3_TIMEOUT + \
-                    (TEST_TIMESPAN - 10 - s._VISION_POLICY_ALERT_3_TIMEOUT) / 2) / DT_DMON)] == 3
+    events, d_status = self._run_seq(always_distracted, always_false, always_true, always_false)
+    assert len(events[int((d_status.settings._DISTRACTED_TIME-d_status.settings._DISTRACTED_PRE_TIME_TILL_TERMINAL)/2/DT_DMON)]) == 0
+    assert events[int((d_status.settings._DISTRACTED_TIME-d_status.settings._DISTRACTED_PRE_TIME_TILL_TERMINAL + \
+                    ((d_status.settings._DISTRACTED_PRE_TIME_TILL_TERMINAL-d_status.settings._DISTRACTED_PROMPT_TIME_TILL_TERMINAL)/2))/DT_DMON)].names[0] == \
+                    EventName.preDriverDistracted
+    assert events[int((d_status.settings._DISTRACTED_TIME-d_status.settings._DISTRACTED_PROMPT_TIME_TILL_TERMINAL + \
+                    ((d_status.settings._DISTRACTED_PROMPT_TIME_TILL_TERMINAL)/2))/DT_DMON)].names[0] == EventName.promptDriverDistracted
+    assert events[int((d_status.settings._DISTRACTED_TIME + \
+                    ((TEST_TIMESPAN-10-d_status.settings._DISTRACTED_TIME)/2))/DT_DMON)].names[0] == EventName.driverDistracted
     assert isinstance(d_status.awareness, float)
 
-  # engaged, distracted past red and beyond the no-response window -> unavailability response + lockout
-  def test_distracted_lockout(self):
-    alert_lvls, d_status = self._run_seq(always_distracted, always_false, always_true, always_false)
-    assert alert_lvls[int(DISTRACTED_SECONDS_TO_RED / DT_DMON)] == 3
-    assert d_status.lockout_active
-    assert d_status.lockout_time_elapsed > 0
-    assert d_status.lockout_count >= 1
-
-  # no face -> wheeltouch red, sustained past the no-response timeout -> unavailability response + lockout
-  def test_invisible_lockout(self):
-    _, d_status = self._run_seq(always_no_face, always_false, always_true, always_false)
-    assert d_status.active_policy == log.DriverMonitoringState.MonitoringPolicy.wheeltouch
-    assert d_status.lockout_active
-    assert d_status.lockout_count >= 1
-
   # engaged, no face detected the whole time, no action
   def test_fully_invisible_driver(self):
-    alert_lvls, d_status = self._run_seq(always_no_face, always_false, always_true, always_false)
-    s = d_status.settings
-    assert alert_lvls[int(s._WHEELTOUCH_POLICY_ALERT_1_TIMEOUT / 2 / DT_DMON)] == 0
-    assert alert_lvls[int((s._WHEELTOUCH_POLICY_ALERT_1_TIMEOUT + \
-                    (s._WHEELTOUCH_POLICY_ALERT_2_TIMEOUT - s._WHEELTOUCH_POLICY_ALERT_1_TIMEOUT) / 2) / DT_DMON)] == 1
-    assert alert_lvls[int((s._WHEELTOUCH_POLICY_ALERT_2_TIMEOUT + \
-                    (s._WHEELTOUCH_POLICY_ALERT_3_TIMEOUT - s._WHEELTOUCH_POLICY_ALERT_2_TIMEOUT) / 2) / DT_DMON)] == 2
-    assert alert_lvls[int((s._WHEELTOUCH_POLICY_ALERT_3_TIMEOUT + \
-                    (TEST_TIMESPAN - 10 - s._WHEELTOUCH_POLICY_ALERT_3_TIMEOUT) / 2) / DT_DMON)] == 3
-    assert d_status.active_policy == log.DriverMonitoringState.MonitoringPolicy.wheeltouch
+    events, d_status = self._run_seq(always_no_face, always_false, always_true, always_false)
+    assert len(events[int((d_status.settings._AWARENESS_TIME-d_status.settings._AWARENESS_PRE_TIME_TILL_TERMINAL)/2/DT_DMON)]) == 0
+    assert events[int((d_status.settings._AWARENESS_TIME-d_status.settings._AWARENESS_PRE_TIME_TILL_TERMINAL + \
+                      ((d_status.settings._AWARENESS_PRE_TIME_TILL_TERMINAL-d_status.settings._AWARENESS_PROMPT_TIME_TILL_TERMINAL)/2))/DT_DMON)].names[0] == \
+                      EventName.preDriverUnresponsive
+    assert events[int((d_status.settings._AWARENESS_TIME-d_status.settings._AWARENESS_PROMPT_TIME_TILL_TERMINAL + \
+                      ((d_status.settings._AWARENESS_PROMPT_TIME_TILL_TERMINAL)/2))/DT_DMON)].names[0] == EventName.promptDriverUnresponsive
+    assert events[int((d_status.settings._AWARENESS_TIME + \
+                      ((TEST_TIMESPAN-10-d_status.settings._AWARENESS_TIME)/2))/DT_DMON)].names[0] == EventName.driverUnresponsive
 
   # engaged, down to orange, driver pays attention, back to normal; then down to orange, driver touches wheel
   #  - should have short orange recovery time and no green afterwards; wheel touch only recovers when paying attention
@@ -117,13 +106,13 @@ class TestMonitoring:
                 [msg_ATTENTIVE] * (int(TEST_TIMESPAN/DT_DMON)-int((DISTRACTED_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE*3+2)/DT_DMON))
     interaction_vector = [car_interaction_NOT_DETECTED] * int(DISTRACTED_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE*3/DT_DMON) + \
                          [car_interaction_DETECTED] * (int(TEST_TIMESPAN/DT_DMON)-int(DISTRACTED_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE*3/DT_DMON))
-    alert_lvls, _ = self._run_seq(ds_vector, interaction_vector, always_true, always_false)
-    assert alert_lvls[int(DISTRACTED_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE*0.5/DT_DMON)] == 0
-    assert alert_lvls[int((DISTRACTED_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE-0.1)/DT_DMON)] == 2
-    assert alert_lvls[int(DISTRACTED_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE*1.5/DT_DMON)] == 0
-    assert alert_lvls[int((DISTRACTED_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE*3-0.1)/DT_DMON)] == 2
-    assert alert_lvls[int((DISTRACTED_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE*3+0.1)/DT_DMON)] == 2
-    assert alert_lvls[int((DISTRACTED_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE*3+2.5)/DT_DMON)] == 0
+    events, _ = self._run_seq(ds_vector, interaction_vector, always_true, always_false)
+    assert len(events[int(DISTRACTED_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE*0.5/DT_DMON)]) == 0
+    assert events[int((DISTRACTED_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE-0.1)/DT_DMON)].names[0] == EventName.promptDriverDistracted
+    assert len(events[int(DISTRACTED_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE*1.5/DT_DMON)]) == 0
+    assert events[int((DISTRACTED_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE*3-0.1)/DT_DMON)].names[0] == EventName.promptDriverDistracted
+    assert events[int((DISTRACTED_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE*3+0.1)/DT_DMON)].names[0] == EventName.promptDriverDistracted
+    assert len(events[int((DISTRACTED_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE*3+2.5)/DT_DMON)]) == 0
 
   # engaged, down to orange, driver dodges camera, then comes back still distracted, down to red, \
   #                          driver dodges, and then touches wheel to no avail, disengages and reengages
@@ -141,31 +130,31 @@ class TestMonitoring:
                                                         = [True] * int(1/DT_DMON)
     op_vector[int((DISTRACTED_SECONDS_TO_RED+2*_invisible_time+2.5)/DT_DMON):int((DISTRACTED_SECONDS_TO_RED+2*_invisible_time+3)/DT_DMON)] \
                                                         = [False] * int(0.5/DT_DMON)
-    alert_lvls, _ = self._run_seq(ds_vector, interaction_vector, op_vector, always_false)
-    assert alert_lvls[int((DISTRACTED_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE+0.5*_invisible_time)/DT_DMON)] == 2
-    assert alert_lvls[int((DISTRACTED_SECONDS_TO_RED+1.5*_invisible_time)/DT_DMON)] == 3
-    assert alert_lvls[int((DISTRACTED_SECONDS_TO_RED+2*_invisible_time+1.5)/DT_DMON)] == 3
-    assert alert_lvls[int((DISTRACTED_SECONDS_TO_RED+2*_invisible_time+3.5)/DT_DMON)] == 0
+    events, _ = self._run_seq(ds_vector, interaction_vector, op_vector, always_false)
+    assert events[int((DISTRACTED_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE+0.5*_invisible_time)/DT_DMON)].names[0] == EventName.promptDriverDistracted
+    assert events[int((DISTRACTED_SECONDS_TO_RED+1.5*_invisible_time)/DT_DMON)].names[0] == EventName.driverDistracted
+    assert events[int((DISTRACTED_SECONDS_TO_RED+2*_invisible_time+1.5)/DT_DMON)].names[0] == EventName.driverDistracted
+    assert len(events[int((DISTRACTED_SECONDS_TO_RED+2*_invisible_time+3.5)/DT_DMON)]) == 0
 
   # engaged, invisible driver, down to orange, driver touches wheel; then down to orange again, driver appears
   #  - both actions should clear the alert, but momentary appearance should not
   def test_sometimes_transparent_commuter(self):
-    for _visible_time in (0.5, 10):
-      ds_vector = always_no_face[:]*2
-      interaction_vector = always_false[:]*2
-      ds_vector[int((2*INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE+1)/DT_DMON):int((2*INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE+1+_visible_time)/DT_DMON)] = \
-                                                                                               [msg_ATTENTIVE] * int(_visible_time/DT_DMON)
-      interaction_vector[int((INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE)/DT_DMON):int((INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE+1)/DT_DMON)] = [True] * int(1/DT_DMON)
-      alert_lvls, _ = self._run_seq(ds_vector, interaction_vector, 2*always_true, 2*always_false)
-      assert alert_lvls[int(dm_settings._WHEELTOUCH_POLICY_ALERT_1_TIMEOUT/2/DT_DMON)] == 0
-      assert alert_lvls[int((INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE-0.1)/DT_DMON)] == 2
-      assert alert_lvls[int((INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE+0.1)/DT_DMON)] == 0
-      if _visible_time == 0.5:
-        assert alert_lvls[int((INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE*2+1-0.1)/DT_DMON)] == 2
-        assert alert_lvls[int((INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE*2+1+0.1+_visible_time)/DT_DMON)] == 2
-      elif _visible_time == 10:
-        assert alert_lvls[int((INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE*2+1-0.1)/DT_DMON)] == 2
-        assert alert_lvls[int((INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE*2+1+0.1+_visible_time)/DT_DMON)] == 0
+    _visible_time = np.random.choice([0.5, 10])
+    ds_vector = always_no_face[:]*2
+    interaction_vector = always_false[:]*2
+    ds_vector[int((2*INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE+1)/DT_DMON):int((2*INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE+1+_visible_time)/DT_DMON)] = \
+                                                                                             [msg_ATTENTIVE] * int(_visible_time/DT_DMON)
+    interaction_vector[int((INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE)/DT_DMON):int((INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE+1)/DT_DMON)] = [True] * int(1/DT_DMON)
+    events, _ = self._run_seq(ds_vector, interaction_vector, 2*always_true, 2*always_false)
+    assert len(events[int(INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE*0.5/DT_DMON)]) == 0
+    assert events[int((INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE-0.1)/DT_DMON)].names[0] == EventName.promptDriverUnresponsive
+    assert len(events[int((INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE+0.1)/DT_DMON)]) == 0
+    if _visible_time == 0.5:
+      assert events[int((INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE*2+1-0.1)/DT_DMON)].names[0] == EventName.promptDriverUnresponsive
+      assert events[int((INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE*2+1+0.1+_visible_time)/DT_DMON)].names[0] == EventName.preDriverUnresponsive
+    elif _visible_time == 10:
+      assert events[int((INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE*2+1-0.1)/DT_DMON)].names[0] == EventName.promptDriverUnresponsive
+      assert len(events[int((INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE*2+1+0.1+_visible_time)/DT_DMON)]) == 0
 
   # engaged, invisible driver, down to red, driver appears and then touches wheel, then disengages/reengages
   #  - only disengage will clear the alert
@@ -177,51 +166,105 @@ class TestMonitoring:
     ds_vector[int(INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_RED/DT_DMON):int((INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_RED+_visible_time)/DT_DMON)] = [msg_ATTENTIVE] * int(_visible_time/DT_DMON)
     interaction_vector[int((INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_RED+_visible_time)/DT_DMON):int((INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_RED+_visible_time+1)/DT_DMON)] = [True] * int(1/DT_DMON)
     op_vector[int((INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_RED+_visible_time+1)/DT_DMON):int((INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_RED+_visible_time+0.5)/DT_DMON)] = [False] * int(0.5/DT_DMON)
-    alert_lvls, _ = self._run_seq(ds_vector, interaction_vector, op_vector, always_false)
-    assert alert_lvls[int(dm_settings._WHEELTOUCH_POLICY_ALERT_1_TIMEOUT/2/DT_DMON)] == 0
-    assert alert_lvls[int((INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE-0.1)/DT_DMON)] == 2
-    assert alert_lvls[int((INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_RED-0.1)/DT_DMON)] == 3
-    assert alert_lvls[int((INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_RED+0.5*_visible_time)/DT_DMON)] == 3
-    assert alert_lvls[int((INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_RED+_visible_time+0.5)/DT_DMON)] == 3
-    assert alert_lvls[int((INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_RED+_visible_time+1+0.1)/DT_DMON)] == 0
+    events, _ = self._run_seq(ds_vector, interaction_vector, op_vector, always_false)
+    assert len(events[int(INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE*0.5/DT_DMON)]) == 0
+    assert events[int((INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE-0.1)/DT_DMON)].names[0] == EventName.promptDriverUnresponsive
+    assert events[int((INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_RED-0.1)/DT_DMON)].names[0] == EventName.driverUnresponsive
+    assert events[int((INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_RED+0.5*_visible_time)/DT_DMON)].names[0] == EventName.driverUnresponsive
+    assert events[int((INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_RED+_visible_time+0.5)/DT_DMON)].names[0] == EventName.driverUnresponsive
+    assert len(events[int((INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_RED+_visible_time+1+0.1)/DT_DMON)]) == 0
 
   # disengaged, always distracted driver
   #  - dm should stay quiet when not engaged
   def test_pure_dashcam_user(self):
-    alert_lvls, _ = self._run_seq(always_distracted, always_false, always_false, always_false)
-    assert all(a == 0 for a in alert_lvls)
+    events, _ = self._run_seq(always_distracted, always_false, always_false, always_false)
+    assert sum(len(event) for event in events) == 0
 
   # engaged, car stops at traffic light, down to orange, no action, then car starts moving
   #  - should only reach green when stopped, but continues counting down on launch
   def test_long_traffic_light_victim(self):
     _redlight_time = 60  # seconds
-    lowspeed_vector = always_true[:]
-    lowspeed_vector[int(_redlight_time/DT_DMON):] = [False] * int((TEST_TIMESPAN-_redlight_time)/DT_DMON)
-    alert_lvls, d_status = self._run_seq(always_distracted, always_false, always_true, lowspeed_vector)
-    s = d_status.settings
-    assert alert_lvls[int((_redlight_time-0.1)/DT_DMON)] == 0
-    _alert_1_to_2 = s._VISION_POLICY_ALERT_2_TIMEOUT - s._VISION_POLICY_ALERT_1_TIMEOUT
-    assert alert_lvls[int((_redlight_time+0.5)/DT_DMON)] == 1
-    assert alert_lvls[int((_redlight_time+_alert_1_to_2+0.5)/DT_DMON)] == 2
-
-  # engaged, distracted while moving, then car stops after reaching orange
-  #  - should reset timer to pre green at low speed
-  def test_distracted_then_stops(self):
-    _stop_time = DISTRACTED_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE + 1  # stop 1 second after reaching orange
-    lowspeed_vector = always_false[:]
-    lowspeed_vector[int(_stop_time/DT_DMON):] = [True] * int((TEST_TIMESPAN-_stop_time)/DT_DMON)
-    alert_lvls, _ = self._run_seq(always_distracted, always_false, always_true, lowspeed_vector)
-    # just before and briefly after stopping: orange alert; goes away quickly after stopped
-    assert alert_lvls[int((_stop_time+0.1)/DT_DMON)] == 2
-    assert alert_lvls[int((_stop_time+0.5)/DT_DMON)] == 0
+    standstill_vector = always_true[:]
+    standstill_vector[int(_redlight_time/DT_DMON):] = [False] * int((TEST_TIMESPAN-_redlight_time)/DT_DMON)
+    events, d_status = self._run_seq(always_distracted, always_false, always_true, standstill_vector)
+    assert events[int((d_status.settings._DISTRACTED_TIME-d_status.settings._DISTRACTED_PRE_TIME_TILL_TERMINAL+1)/DT_DMON)].names[0] == \
+                                                                                                                    EventName.preDriverDistracted
+    assert events[int((_redlight_time-0.1)/DT_DMON)].names[0] == EventName.preDriverDistracted
+    assert events[int((_redlight_time+0.5)/DT_DMON)].names[0] == EventName.promptDriverDistracted
 
   # engaged, model is somehow uncertain and driver is distracted
   #  - should fall back to wheel touch after uncertain alert
   def test_somehow_indecisive_model(self):
     ds_vector = [msg_DISTRACTED_BUT_SOMEHOW_UNCERTAIN] * int(TEST_TIMESPAN/DT_DMON)
     interaction_vector = always_false[:]
-    alert_lvls, d_status = self._run_seq(ds_vector, interaction_vector, always_true, always_false)
-    s = d_status.settings
-    assert alert_lvls[int((INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE-1+DT_DMON*s._HI_STD_FALLBACK_TIME-0.1)/DT_DMON)] == 1
-    assert alert_lvls[int((INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE-1+DT_DMON*s._HI_STD_FALLBACK_TIME+0.1)/DT_DMON)] == 2
-    assert alert_lvls[int((INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_RED-1+DT_DMON*s._HI_STD_FALLBACK_TIME+0.1)/DT_DMON)] == 3
+    events, d_status = self._run_seq(ds_vector, interaction_vector, always_true, always_false)
+    assert EventName.preDriverUnresponsive in \
+                              events[int((INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE-1+DT_DMON*d_status.settings._HI_STD_FALLBACK_TIME-0.1)/DT_DMON)].names
+    assert EventName.promptDriverUnresponsive in \
+                              events[int((INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_ORANGE-1+DT_DMON*d_status.settings._HI_STD_FALLBACK_TIME+0.1)/DT_DMON)].names
+    assert EventName.driverUnresponsive in \
+                              events[int((INVISIBLE_SECONDS_TO_RED-1+DT_DMON*d_status.settings._HI_STD_FALLBACK_TIME+0.1)/DT_DMON)].names
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("enabled_state, lat_active_state, expected", [
+  (False, False, False), # Both Disabled
+  (True, False, True),   # OP Enabled, Lat Inactive
+  (False, True, True),   # OP Disabled, Lat Active (e.g. AOL)
+  (True, True, True)     # Both Active
+])
+def test_enabled_states(enabled_state, lat_active_state, expected):
+  """
+  Test DriverMonitoring.run_step with all 4 combinations of:
+  - selfdriveState.enabled (True/False)
+  - carControl.latActive (True/False)
+  """
+  cs = car.CarState.new_message()
+  cs.vEgo = 30.0
+  cs.gearShifter = car.CarState.GearShifter.drive
+  cs.standstill = False
+  cs.steeringPressed = False
+  cs.gasPressed = False
+
+  ss = log.SelfdriveState.new_message()
+  ss.enabled = enabled_state
+
+  cc = car.CarControl.new_message()
+  cc.latActive = lat_active_state
+
+  mv2 = log.ModelDataV2.new_message()
+  mv2.meta.disengagePredictions.brakeDisengageProbs = [0.0]
+
+  lc = log.LiveCalibrationData.new_message()
+  lc.rpyCalib = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
+
+  ds = make_msg(False)
+
+  sm = {
+      'carState': cs,
+      'selfdriveState': ss,
+      'carControl': cc,
+      'modelV2': mv2,
+      'liveCalibration': lc,
+      'driverStateV2': ds
+  }
+
+  driver_monitoring = DriverMonitoring()
+
+  # run_test doesn't assign enabled to a variable, so we need to spy on _update_events to see its value
+  captured_args = []
+  original_update_events = driver_monitoring._update_events
+
+  def spy_update_events(driver_engaged, op_engaged, standstill, wrong_gear, car_speed):
+      captured_args.append(op_engaged)
+      return original_update_events(driver_engaged, op_engaged, standstill, wrong_gear, car_speed)
+
+  driver_monitoring._update_events = spy_update_events
+
+  driver_monitoring.run_step(sm, demo=False)
+
+  # Assertion
+  assert len(captured_args) == 1, "Expected _update_events to be called exactly once"
+  actual_enabled = captured_args[0]
+
+  assert actual_enabled == expected, f"Expected op_engaged={expected}, but got {actual_enabled}"
+
diff --git a/selfdrive/selfdrived/events.py b/selfdrive/selfdrived/events.py
index a76a620..1085e11 100755
--- a/selfdrive/selfdrived/events.py
+++ b/selfdrive/selfdrived/events.py
@@ -79,13 +79,6 @@ def below_steer_speed_alert(CP: car.CarParams, CS: car.CarState, sm: messaging.S
     Priority.LOW, VisualAlert.none, AudibleAlert.prompt, 0.4)
 
 
-def too_distracted_alert(CP: car.CarParams, CS: car.CarState, sm: messaging.SubMaster, metric: bool, soft_disable_time: int, personality) -> Alert:
-  if sm['driverMonitoringState'].lockout:
-    mins_left = sm['driverMonitoringState'].lockoutMinutesRemaining
-    return NoEntryAlert("Too Distracted", f"{mins_left} minute{'s' if mins_left != 1 else ''} Left", priority=Priority.HIGH)
-  return NoEntryAlert("Pay Attention to Engage", priority=Priority.HIGH)
-
-
 def calibration_incomplete_alert(CP: car.CarParams, CS: car.CarState, sm: messaging.SubMaster, metric: bool, soft_disable_time: int, personality) -> Alert:
   first_word = 'Recalibrating' if sm['liveCalibration'].calStatus == log.LiveCalibrationData.Status.recalibrating else 'Calibrating'
   return Alert(
@@ -367,15 +360,15 @@ EVENTS: dict[int, dict[str, Alert | AlertCallbackType]] = {
       Priority.LOW, VisualAlert.steerRequired, AudibleAlert.prompt, 1.8),
   },
 
-  EventName.driverDistracted1: {
+  EventName.preDriverDistracted: {
     ET.PERMANENT: Alert(
       "Pay Attention",
       "",
       AlertStatus.normal, AlertSize.small,
-      Priority.LOW, VisualAlert.none, AudibleAlert.preAlert, .1),
+      Priority.LOW, VisualAlert.none, AudibleAlert.none, .1),
   },
 
-  EventName.driverDistracted2: {
+  EventName.promptDriverDistracted: {
     ET.PERMANENT: Alert(
       "Pay Attention",
       "Driver Distracted",
@@ -383,7 +376,7 @@ EVENTS: dict[int, dict[str, Alert | AlertCallbackType]] = {
       Priority.MID, VisualAlert.steerRequired, AudibleAlert.promptDistracted, .1),
   },
 
-  EventName.driverDistracted3: {
+  EventName.driverDistracted: {
     ET.PERMANENT: Alert(
       "DISENGAGE IMMEDIATELY",
       "Driver Distracted",
@@ -391,7 +384,7 @@ EVENTS: dict[int, dict[str, Alert | AlertCallbackType]] = {
       Priority.HIGH, VisualAlert.steerRequired, AudibleAlert.warningImmediate, .1),
   },
 
-  EventName.driverUnresponsive1: {
+  EventName.preDriverUnresponsive: {
     ET.PERMANENT: Alert(
       "Touch Steering Wheel: No Face Detected",
       "",
@@ -399,7 +392,7 @@ EVENTS: dict[int, dict[str, Alert | AlertCallbackType]] = {
       Priority.LOW, VisualAlert.steerRequired, AudibleAlert.none, .1),
   },
 
-  EventName.driverUnresponsive2: {
+  EventName.promptDriverUnresponsive: {
     ET.PERMANENT: Alert(
       "Touch Steering Wheel",
       "Driver Unresponsive",
@@ -407,7 +400,7 @@ EVENTS: dict[int, dict[str, Alert | AlertCallbackType]] = {
       Priority.MID, VisualAlert.steerRequired, AudibleAlert.promptDistracted, .1),
   },
 
-  EventName.driverUnresponsive3: {
+  EventName.driverUnresponsive: {
     ET.PERMANENT: Alert(
       "DISENGAGE IMMEDIATELY",
       "Driver Unresponsive",
@@ -639,7 +632,7 @@ EVENTS: dict[int, dict[str, Alert | AlertCallbackType]] = {
   },
 
   EventName.tooDistracted: {
-    ET.NO_ENTRY: too_distracted_alert,
+    ET.NO_ENTRY: NoEntryAlert("Distraction Level Too High"),
   },
 
   EventName.excessiveActuation: {
@@ -885,14 +878,14 @@ EVENTS: dict[int, dict[str, Alert | AlertCallbackType]] = {
 
 if HARDWARE.get_device_type() == 'mici':
   EVENTS.update({
-    EventName.driverDistracted1: {
+    EventName.preDriverDistracted: {
       ET.PERMANENT: Alert(
         "Pay Attention",
         "",
         AlertStatus.normal, AlertSize.small,
-        Priority.LOW, VisualAlert.none, AudibleAlert.preAlert, 2),
+        Priority.LOW, VisualAlert.none, AudibleAlert.none, 2),
     },
-    EventName.driverDistracted2: {
+    EventName.promptDriverDistracted: {
       ET.PERMANENT: Alert(
         "Pay Attention",
         "Driver Distracted",
diff --git a/selfdrive/selfdrived/selfdrived.py b/selfdrive/selfdrived/selfdrived.py
index 15da7cc..285d46f 100755
--- a/selfdrive/selfdrived/selfdrived.py
+++ b/selfdrive/selfdrived/selfdrived.py
@@ -54,8 +54,6 @@ EventName = log.OnroadEvent.EventName
 ButtonType = car.CarState.ButtonEvent.Type
 SafetyModel = car.CarParams.SafetyModel
 TurnDirection = custom.IQTurnSignalDirection
-AlertLevel = log.DriverMonitoringState.AlertLevel
-MonitoringPolicy = log.DriverMonitoringState.MonitoringPolicy
 
 IGNORED_SAFETY_MODES = (SafetyModel.silent, SafetyModel.noOutput)
 
@@ -149,7 +147,6 @@ class SelfdriveD(GapButtonActions):
     self.events_prev = []
     self.logged_comm_issue = None
     self.not_running_prev = None
-    self.dm_lockout_set = False
     self.experimental_mode = False
     self.personality = get_sanitize_int_param(
       "LongitudinalPersonality",
@@ -186,6 +183,7 @@ class SelfdriveD(GapButtonActions):
 
     self.events_iq = IQEvents()
     self.events_iq_prev = []
+    self._cached_dm_event_names: tuple[int, ...] = ()
     self._cached_plan_event_names: tuple[int, ...] = ()
     self._cached_model_event_names: tuple[int, ...] = ()
     self._cached_nav_event_names: tuple[int, ...] = ()
@@ -207,6 +205,10 @@ class SelfdriveD(GapButtonActions):
     if self.sm.updated['iqPlan']:
       self._cached_plan_event_names = tuple(event.name.raw for event in self._get_longitudinal_plan_ext().events)
 
+  def _refresh_cached_dm_events(self) -> None:
+    if self.sm.updated['driverMonitoringState']:
+      self._cached_dm_event_names = tuple(event.name.raw for event in self.sm['driverMonitoringState'].events)
+
   def _refresh_cached_model_events(self) -> None:
     if not self.sm.updated['iqDriveModelData']:
       return
@@ -295,24 +297,8 @@ class SelfdriveD(GapButtonActions):
       self.events.add(EventName.resumeBlocked)
 
     if not self.CP.notCar:
-      if self.sm['driverMonitoringState'].lockout and not self.dm_lockout_set:
-        self.params.put_bool("DriverTooDistracted", True)
-        self.dm_lockout_set = True
-      elif not self.sm['driverMonitoringState'].lockout and self.dm_lockout_set:
-        self.params.remove("DriverTooDistracted")
-        self.dm_lockout_set = False
-
-      if self.sm['driverMonitoringState'].lockout or self.sm['driverMonitoringState'].alwaysOnLockout:
-        self.events.add(EventName.tooDistracted)
-
-      vision_dm = self.sm['driverMonitoringState'].activePolicy == MonitoringPolicy.vision
-      if self.sm['driverMonitoringState'].alertLevel == AlertLevel.one:
-        self.events.add(EventName.driverDistracted1 if vision_dm else EventName.driverUnresponsive1)
-      elif self.sm['driverMonitoringState'].alertLevel == AlertLevel.two:
-        self.events.add(EventName.driverDistracted2 if vision_dm else EventName.driverUnresponsive2)
-      elif self.sm['driverMonitoringState'].alertLevel == AlertLevel.three:
-        self.events.add(EventName.driverDistracted3 if vision_dm else EventName.driverUnresponsive3)
-
+      self._refresh_cached_dm_events()
+      self._add_event_names(self._cached_dm_event_names)
       self._refresh_cached_plan_events()
       self._add_iq_event_names(self._cached_plan_event_names)
 
diff --git a/selfdrive/selfdrived/tests/test_driver_monitoring.py b/selfdrive/selfdrived/tests/test_driver_monitoring.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 3d47a9b..0000000
--- a/selfdrive/selfdrived/tests/test_driver_monitoring.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-from types import SimpleNamespace
-
-from cereal import car, log
-
-from openpilot.selfdrive.selfdrived.events import EVENTS, ET
-
-
-EventName = log.OnroadEvent.EventName
-AudibleAlert = car.CarControl.HUDControl.AudibleAlert
-
-
-def test_driver_monitoring_alert_stages():
-  expected_sounds = {
-    EventName.driverDistracted1: AudibleAlert.preAlert,
-    EventName.driverDistracted2: AudibleAlert.promptDistracted,
-    EventName.driverDistracted3: AudibleAlert.warningImmediate,
-    EventName.driverUnresponsive1: AudibleAlert.none,
-    EventName.driverUnresponsive2: AudibleAlert.promptDistracted,
-    EventName.driverUnresponsive3: AudibleAlert.warningImmediate,
-  }
-
-  for event_name, audible_alert in expected_sounds.items():
-    assert EVENTS[event_name][ET.PERMANENT].audible_alert == audible_alert
-
-
-def test_driver_monitoring_lockout_alert():
-  callback = EVENTS[EventName.tooDistracted][ET.NO_ENTRY]
-  sm = {'driverMonitoringState': SimpleNamespace(lockout=True, lockoutMinutesRemaining=5)}
-  alert = callback(None, None, sm, False, 0, None)
-
-  assert alert.alert_text_1 == "5 minutes Left"
-  assert alert.alert_text_2 == "Too Distracted"
diff --git a/selfdrive/test/process_replay/migration.py b/selfdrive/test/process_replay/migration.py
index b135a68..010ce3f 100644
--- a/selfdrive/test/process_replay/migration.py
+++ b/selfdrive/test/process_replay/migration.py
@@ -455,46 +455,21 @@ def migrate_onroadEvents(msgs):
   return ops, [], []
 
 
-@migration(inputs=["driverMonitoringStateDEPRECATED"])
+@migration(inputs=["driverMonitoringState"])
 def migrate_driverMonitoringState(msgs):
   ops = []
   for index, msg in msgs:
-    old = msg.driverMonitoringStateDEPRECATED
-    new_msg = messaging.new_message('driverMonitoringState', valid=msg.valid, logMonoTime=msg.logMonoTime)
-    dm = new_msg.driverMonitoringState
-    dm.isRHD = old.isRHD
-    dm.activePolicy = log.DriverMonitoringState.MonitoringPolicy.vision if old.isActiveMode else \
-                          log.DriverMonitoringState.MonitoringPolicy.wheeltouch
+    msg = msg.as_builder()
+    events = []
+    for event in msg.driverMonitoringState.eventsDEPRECATED:
+      try:
+        if not str(event.name).endswith('DEPRECATED'):
+          # dict converts name enum into string representation
+          events.append(log.OnroadEvent(**event.to_dict()))
+      except RuntimeError:  # Member was null
+        traceback.print_exc()
 
-    AlertLevel = log.DriverMonitoringState.AlertLevel
-    event_to_alert_level = {
-      'driverDistracted1': AlertLevel.one, 'driverUnresponsive1': AlertLevel.one,
-      'driverDistracted2': AlertLevel.two, 'driverUnresponsive2': AlertLevel.two,
-      'driverDistracted3': AlertLevel.three, 'driverUnresponsive3': AlertLevel.three,
-    }
-    for event in old.events:
-      level = event_to_alert_level.get(str(event.name))
-      if level is not None:
-        dm.alertLevel = level
-        break
-    dm.lockout = any(str(event.name) == 'tooDistracted' for event in old.events)
-
-    dm.visionPolicyState.awarenessPercent = int(max(0, min(100, (old.awarenessStatus if old.isActiveMode else old.awarenessActive) * 100)))
-    dm.visionPolicyState.awarenessStep = old.stepChange if old.isActiveMode else 0.
-    dm.visionPolicyState.isDistracted = old.isDistracted
-    dm.visionPolicyState.distractedTypes.pose = bool(old.distractedType & 1)
-    dm.visionPolicyState.distractedTypes.eye = bool(old.distractedType & 2)
-    dm.visionPolicyState.distractedTypes.phone = bool(old.distractedType & 4)
-    dm.visionPolicyState.faceDetected = old.faceDetected
-    dm.visionPolicyState.pose.pitchCalib.offset = old.posePitchOffset
-    dm.visionPolicyState.pose.pitchCalib.calibratedPercent = int(min(100, old.posePitchValidCount / 1200 * 100))
-    dm.visionPolicyState.pose.yawCalib.offset = old.poseYawOffset
-    dm.visionPolicyState.pose.yawCalib.calibratedPercent = int(min(100, old.poseYawValidCount / 1200 * 100))
-    dm.visionPolicyState.pose.calibrated = old.posePitchValidCount >= 1200 and old.poseYawValidCount >= 1200
-    dm.visionPolicyState.wheeltouchFallbackPercent = int(min(100, old.hiStdCount / 200 * 100))
-    dm.visionPolicyState.uncertainOffroadAlertPercent = int(min(100, old.uncertainCount / 1200 * 100))
-    dm.wheeltouchPolicyState.awarenessPercent = int(max(0, min(100, (old.awarenessPassive if old.isActiveMode else old.awarenessStatus) * 100)))
-    dm.wheeltouchPolicyState.awarenessStep = 0. if old.isActiveMode else old.stepChange
-    ops.append((index, new_msg.as_reader()))
+    msg.driverMonitoringState.events = events
+    ops.append((index, msg.as_reader()))
 
   return ops, [], []
diff --git a/selfdrive/ui/mici/layouts/onboarding.py b/selfdrive/ui/mici/layouts/onboarding.py
index 8efcdd9..11a8154 100644
--- a/selfdrive/ui/mici/layouts/onboarding.py
+++ b/selfdrive/ui/mici/layouts/onboarding.py
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ class TrainingGuideDMTutorial(Widget):
       looking_center = False
 
     # stay at 100% once reached
-    if (dm_state.visionPolicyState.faceDetected and looking_center) or self._progress.x > 0.99:
+    if (dm_state.faceDetected and looking_center) or self._progress.x > 0.99:
       slow = self._progress.x < 0.25
       duration = self.PROGRESS_DURATION * 2 if slow else self.PROGRESS_DURATION
       self._progress.x += 1.0 / (duration * gui_app.target_fps)
diff --git a/selfdrive/ui/mici/onroad/driver_camera_dialog.py b/selfdrive/ui/mici/onroad/driver_camera_dialog.py
index 1ad90a2..68ff785 100644
--- a/selfdrive/ui/mici/onroad/driver_camera_dialog.py
+++ b/selfdrive/ui/mici/onroad/driver_camera_dialog.py
@@ -1,14 +1,20 @@
 import pyray as rl
-from cereal import car, log, messaging
+from cereal import log, messaging
 from msgq.visionipc import VisionStreamType
 from openpilot.selfdrive.ui.mici.onroad.cameraview import CameraView
 from openpilot.selfdrive.ui.mici.onroad.driver_state import DriverStateRenderer
 from openpilot.selfdrive.ui.ui_state import ui_state, device
+from openpilot.selfdrive.selfdrived.events import EVENTS, ET
 from openpilot.system.ui.lib.application import gui_app, FontWeight
 from openpilot.system.ui.lib.multilang import tr
 from openpilot.system.ui.widgets.nav_widget import NavWidget
 from openpilot.system.ui.widgets.label import gui_label
 
+EventName = log.OnroadEvent.EventName
+
+EVENT_TO_INT = EventName.schema.enumerants
+
+
 class DriverCameraView(CameraView):
   def _calc_frame_matrix(self, rect: rl.Rectangle):
     base = super()._calc_frame_matrix(rect)
@@ -110,14 +116,10 @@ class DriverCameraDialog(NavWidget):
       return
 
     msg = messaging.new_message('selfdriveState')
-    if dm_state is not None:
-      AudibleAlert = car.CarControl.HUDControl.AudibleAlert
-      alert_sounds = {
-        'one': AudibleAlert.preAlert,
-        'two': AudibleAlert.promptDistracted,
-        'three': AudibleAlert.warningImmediate,
-      }
-      msg.selfdriveState.alertSound = alert_sounds.get(str(dm_state.alertLevel), AudibleAlert.none)
+    if dm_state is not None and len(dm_state.events):
+      event_name = EVENT_TO_INT[dm_state.events[0].name]
+      if event_name is not None and event_name in EVENTS and ET.PERMANENT in EVENTS[event_name]:
+        msg.selfdriveState.alertSound = EVENTS[event_name][ET.PERMANENT].audible_alert
     self._pm.send('selfdriveState', msg)
 
   def _render_dm_alerts(self, rect: rl.Rectangle):
@@ -125,30 +127,29 @@ class DriverCameraDialog(NavWidget):
     dm_state = ui_state.sm["driverMonitoringState"]
     self._publish_alert_sound(dm_state)
 
-    is_vision = dm_state.activePolicy == log.DriverMonitoringState.MonitoringPolicy.vision
-    awareness_pct = dm_state.visionPolicyState.awarenessPercent if is_vision else dm_state.wheeltouchPolicyState.awarenessPercent
     gui_label(rl.Rectangle(rect.x + 2, rect.y + 2, rect.width, rect.height),
-              f"Awareness: {awareness_pct:.0f}%", font_size=44, font_weight=FontWeight.MEDIUM,
+              f"Awareness: {dm_state.awarenessStatus * 100:.0f}%", font_size=44, font_weight=FontWeight.MEDIUM,
               alignment=rl.GuiTextAlignment.TEXT_ALIGN_RIGHT,
               alignment_vertical=rl.GuiTextAlignmentVertical.TEXT_ALIGN_TOP,
               color=rl.Color(0, 0, 0, 180))
-    gui_label(rect, f"Awareness: {awareness_pct:.0f}%", font_size=44, font_weight=FontWeight.MEDIUM,
+    gui_label(rect, f"Awareness: {dm_state.awarenessStatus * 100:.0f}%", font_size=44, font_weight=FontWeight.MEDIUM,
               alignment=rl.GuiTextAlignment.TEXT_ALIGN_RIGHT,
               alignment_vertical=rl.GuiTextAlignmentVertical.TEXT_ALIGN_TOP,
               color=rl.Color(255, 255, 255, int(255 * 0.9)))
 
-    if dm_state.alertLevel == log.DriverMonitoringState.AlertLevel.none:
+    if not dm_state.events:
       return
 
-    alert_level_str = f"{'Pay Attention' if is_vision else 'Touch Wheel'} - level {dm_state.alertLevel}"
+    # Show first event (only one should be active at a time)
+    event_name_str = str(dm_state.events[0].name).split('.')[-1]
     alignment = rl.GuiTextAlignment.TEXT_ALIGN_RIGHT if self.driver_state_renderer.is_rhd else rl.GuiTextAlignment.TEXT_ALIGN_LEFT
 
     shadow_rect = rl.Rectangle(rect.x + 2, rect.y + 2, rect.width, rect.height)
-    gui_label(shadow_rect, alert_level_str, font_size=40, font_weight=FontWeight.BOLD,
+    gui_label(shadow_rect, event_name_str, font_size=40, font_weight=FontWeight.BOLD,
               alignment=alignment,
               alignment_vertical=rl.GuiTextAlignmentVertical.TEXT_ALIGN_BOTTOM,
               color=rl.Color(0, 0, 0, 180))
-    gui_label(rect, alert_level_str, font_size=40, font_weight=FontWeight.BOLD,
+    gui_label(rect, event_name_str, font_size=40, font_weight=FontWeight.BOLD,
               alignment=alignment,
               alignment_vertical=rl.GuiTextAlignmentVertical.TEXT_ALIGN_BOTTOM,
               color=rl.Color(255, 255, 255, int(255 * 0.9)))
@@ -165,7 +166,7 @@ class DriverCameraDialog(NavWidget):
   def _draw_face_detection(self, rect: rl.Rectangle):
     dm_state = ui_state.sm["driverMonitoringState"]
     driver_data = self.driver_state_renderer.get_driver_data()
-    if not dm_state.visionPolicyState.faceDetected:
+    if not dm_state.faceDetected:
       return
 
     # Get face position and orientation
diff --git a/selfdrive/ui/mici/onroad/driver_state.py b/selfdrive/ui/mici/onroad/driver_state.py
index bd2e694..8a20137 100644
--- a/selfdrive/ui/mici/onroad/driver_state.py
+++ b/selfdrive/ui/mici/onroad/driver_state.py
@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@ from openpilot.common.filter_simple import FirstOrderFilter
 from openpilot.system.ui.lib.application import gui_app
 from openpilot.system.ui.widgets import Widget
 from openpilot.selfdrive.ui.ui_state import ui_state
+from openpilot.selfdrive.monitoring.helpers import face_orientation_from_net
 
 AlertSize = log.SelfdriveState.AlertSize
 
 DEBUG = False
 ACTIVE_ACCENT = rl.Color(0x0C, 0x94, 0x96, 0xFF)
-CONE_COLOR_ORANGE = (255, 115, 0)
 
 LOOKING_CENTER_THRESHOLD_UPPER = math.radians(6)
 LOOKING_CENTER_THRESHOLD_LOWER = math.radians(3)
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ class DriverStateRenderer(Widget):
   BASE_SIZE = 60
   LINES_ANGLE_INCREMENT = 5
   LINES_STALE_ANGLES = 3.0  # seconds
-  AWARENESS_UNFULL_PERCENT = 95
 
   def __init__(self, lines: bool = False, inset: bool = False):
     super().__init__()
@@ -36,15 +35,11 @@ class DriverStateRenderer(Widget):
     self._is_active = False
     self._is_rhd = False
     self._face_detected = False
-    self._face_pitch = 0.
-    self._face_yaw = 0.
     self._should_draw = False
     self._force_active = False
     self._looking_center = False
-    self._awareness_unfull = False
 
     self._fade_filter = FirstOrderFilter(0.0, 0.05, 1 / gui_app.target_fps)
-    self._color_fade_filter = FirstOrderFilter(1.0, 0.05, 1 / gui_app.target_fps)
     self._pitch_filter = FirstOrderFilter(0.0, 0.05, 1 / gui_app.target_fps, initialized=False)
     self._yaw_filter = FirstOrderFilter(0.0, 0.05, 1 / gui_app.target_fps, initialized=False)
     self._rotation_filter = FirstOrderFilter(0.0, 0.1, 1 / gui_app.target_fps, initialized=False)
@@ -100,7 +95,6 @@ class DriverStateRenderer(Widget):
                     rl.Color(255, 255, 255, int(255 * 0.9 * self._fade_filter.x)))
 
     if self.effective_active:
-      active_amount = self._color_fade_filter.update(0.0 if self._awareness_unfull else 1.0)
       source_rect = rl.Rectangle(0, 0, self._dm_cone.width, self._dm_cone.height)
       dest_rect = rl.Rectangle(
         self._rect.x + self._rect.width / 2,
@@ -110,16 +104,13 @@ class DriverStateRenderer(Widget):
       )
 
       if not self._lines:
-        r = int(round(ACTIVE_ACCENT.r * active_amount + CONE_COLOR_ORANGE[0] * (1 - active_amount)))
-        g = int(round(ACTIVE_ACCENT.g * active_amount + CONE_COLOR_ORANGE[1] * (1 - active_amount)))
-        b = int(round(ACTIVE_ACCENT.b * active_amount + CONE_COLOR_ORANGE[2] * (1 - active_amount)))
         rl.draw_texture_pro(
           self._dm_cone,
           source_rect,
           dest_rect,
           rl.Vector2(dest_rect.width / 2, dest_rect.height / 2),
           self._rotation_filter.x - 90,
-          rl.Color(r, g, b, int(255 * self._fade_filter.x)),
+          rl.Color(ACTIVE_ACCENT.r, ACTIVE_ACCENT.g, ACTIVE_ACCENT.b, int(255 * self._fade_filter.x)),
         )
 
       else:
@@ -159,12 +150,9 @@ class DriverStateRenderer(Widget):
     sm = ui_state.sm
 
     dm_state = sm["driverMonitoringState"]
-    self._is_active = dm_state.activePolicy == log.DriverMonitoringState.MonitoringPolicy.vision
+    self._is_active = dm_state.isActiveMode
     self._is_rhd = dm_state.isRHD
-    self._face_detected = dm_state.visionPolicyState.faceDetected
-    self._awareness_unfull = self.effective_active and dm_state.visionPolicyState.awarenessPercent < self.AWARENESS_UNFULL_PERCENT
-    self._face_pitch = dm_state.visionPolicyState.pose.pitch + math.radians(6)
-    self._face_yaw = -dm_state.visionPolicyState.pose.yaw
+    self._face_detected = dm_state.faceDetected
 
     driverstate = sm["driverStateV2"]
     driver_data = driverstate.rightDriverData if self._is_rhd else driverstate.leftDriverData
@@ -172,9 +160,24 @@ class DriverStateRenderer(Widget):
 
   def _update_state(self):
     # Get monitoring state
-    _ = self.get_driver_data()
-    pitch = self._pitch_filter.update(self._face_pitch)
-    yaw = self._yaw_filter.update(self._face_yaw)
+    driver_data = self.get_driver_data()
+    driver_orient = driver_data.faceOrientation
+
+    if len(driver_orient) != 3:
+      return
+
+    # Calibrate orientation so looking straight ahead at the road (instead of at the device) reads
+    # (0, 0), using live calibration. Makes the cone point in the correct direction. (stock PR #37149)
+    sm = ui_state.sm
+    if sm.valid['liveCalibration'] and len(sm['liveCalibration'].rpyCalib) == 3:
+      cal_rpy = sm['liveCalibration'].rpyCalib
+    else:
+      cal_rpy = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
+    _, pitch, yaw = face_orientation_from_net(driver_orient, driver_data.facePosition, cal_rpy)
+    yaw = -yaw  # undo sign flip in face_orientation_from_net to match UI convention
+
+    pitch = self._pitch_filter.update(pitch)
+    yaw = self._yaw_filter.update(yaw)
 
     # hysteresis on looking center
     if abs(pitch) < LOOKING_CENTER_THRESHOLD_LOWER and abs(yaw) < LOOKING_CENTER_THRESHOLD_LOWER:
@@ -195,8 +198,9 @@ class DriverStateRenderer(Widget):
       rl.draw_circle(int(pitch_x), 100, 5, rl.GREEN)
       rl.draw_circle(int(yaw_x), 120, 5, rl.GREEN)
 
-    # filter head rotation, handling wrap-around
-    rotation = math.degrees(math.atan2(pitch * 2, yaw))
+    # filter head rotation, handling wrap-around (bias pitch up since calib/DM pose isn't exact,
+    # and halve yaw sensitivity)
+    rotation = math.degrees(math.atan2((pitch + math.radians(6)) * 2, yaw))
     angle_diff = rotation - self._rotation_filter.x
     angle_diff = ((angle_diff + 180) % 360) - 180
     self._rotation_filter.update(self._rotation_filter.x + angle_diff)
diff --git a/selfdrive/ui/onroad/driver_state.py b/selfdrive/ui/onroad/driver_state.py
index e34b2c1..39aa6d1 100644
--- a/selfdrive/ui/onroad/driver_state.py
+++ b/selfdrive/ui/onroad/driver_state.py
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ class DriverStateRenderer(Widget):
 
     # Get monitoring state
     dm_state = sm["driverMonitoringState"]
-    self.is_active = dm_state.activePolicy == log.DriverMonitoringState.MonitoringPolicy.vision
+    self.is_active = dm_state.isActiveMode
     self.is_rhd = dm_state.isRHD
 
     # Update fade state (smoother transition between active/inactive)
diff --git a/selfdrive/ui/soundd.py b/selfdrive/ui/soundd.py
index 9d92e80..e956e73 100644
--- a/selfdrive/ui/soundd.py
+++ b/selfdrive/ui/soundd.py
@@ -45,28 +45,26 @@ sound_list_iq: dict[int, tuple[str, int | None, float]] = {
   AudibleAlertIQ.promptSingleHigh: ("prompt_single_high.wav", 1, MAX_VOLUME),
 }
 
-def get_sound_list(device_type: str) -> dict[int, tuple[str, int | None, float]]:
-  sounds = {
+sound_list: dict[int, tuple[str, int | None, float]] = {
+  # AudibleAlert, file name, play count (none for infinite)
+  AudibleAlert.engage: ("engage.wav", 1, MAX_VOLUME),
+  AudibleAlert.disengage: ("disengage.wav", 1, MAX_VOLUME),
+  AudibleAlert.refuse: ("refuse.wav", 1, MAX_VOLUME),
+
+  AudibleAlert.prompt: ("prompt.wav", 1, MAX_VOLUME),
+  AudibleAlert.promptRepeat: ("prompt.wav", None, MAX_VOLUME),
+  AudibleAlert.promptDistracted: ("prompt_distracted.wav", None, MAX_VOLUME),
+
+  AudibleAlert.warningSoft: ("warning_soft.wav", None, MAX_VOLUME),
+  AudibleAlert.warningImmediate: ("warning_immediate.wav", None, MAX_VOLUME),
+
+  **sound_list_iq,
+}
+if HARDWARE.get_device_type() in ("tizi", "tici"):
+  sound_list.update({
     AudibleAlert.engage: ("engage.wav", 1, MAX_VOLUME),
     AudibleAlert.disengage: ("disengage.wav", 1, MAX_VOLUME),
-    AudibleAlert.refuse: ("refuse.wav", 1, MAX_VOLUME),
-    AudibleAlert.prompt: ("prompt.wav", 1, MAX_VOLUME),
-    AudibleAlert.promptRepeat: ("prompt.wav", None, MAX_VOLUME),
-    AudibleAlert.promptDistracted: ("prompt_distracted.wav", None, MAX_VOLUME),
-    AudibleAlert.preAlert: ("pre_alert.wav", 1, MAX_VOLUME),
-    AudibleAlert.warningSoft: ("warning_soft.wav", None, MAX_VOLUME),
-    AudibleAlert.warningImmediate: ("warning_immediate.wav", None, MAX_VOLUME),
-    **sound_list_iq,
-  }
-  if device_type in ("tizi", "tici"):
-    sounds.update({
-      AudibleAlert.engage: ("engage.wav", 1, MAX_VOLUME),
-      AudibleAlert.disengage: ("disengage.wav", 1, MAX_VOLUME),
-    })
-  return sounds
-
-
-sound_list = get_sound_list(HARDWARE.get_device_type())
+  })
 
 def check_selfdrive_timeout_alert(sm):
   ss_missing = time.monotonic() - sm.recv_time['selfdriveState']
diff --git a/selfdrive/ui/tests/test_soundd.py b/selfdrive/ui/tests/test_soundd.py
index a1e18e8..a9da845 100644
--- a/selfdrive/ui/tests/test_soundd.py
+++ b/selfdrive/ui/tests/test_soundd.py
@@ -2,19 +2,13 @@ from cereal import car
 from cereal import messaging
 from cereal.messaging import SubMaster, PubMaster
 from openpilot.selfdrive.ui.soundd import SELFDRIVE_STATE_TIMEOUT, check_selfdrive_timeout_alert
-from openpilot.selfdrive.ui.soundd import get_sound_list
 
-import pytest
 import time
 
 AudibleAlert = car.CarControl.HUDControl.AudibleAlert
 
 
 class TestSoundd:
-  @pytest.mark.parametrize("device_type", ["mici", "tici", "tizi"])
-  def test_prompt_distracted_sound(self, device_type):
-    assert get_sound_list(device_type)[AudibleAlert.promptDistracted][0] == "prompt_distracted.wav"
-
   def test_check_selfdrive_timeout_alert(self):
     sm = SubMaster(['selfdriveState'])
     pm = PubMaster(['selfdriveState'])
@@ -38,3 +32,4 @@ class TestSoundd:
     assert check_selfdrive_timeout_alert(sm)
 
   # TODO: add test with micd for checking that soundd actually outputs sounds
+
diff --git a/system/loggerd/loggerd.h b/system/loggerd/loggerd.h
index 74cd043..e8c8c04 100644
--- a/system/loggerd/loggerd.h
+++ b/system/loggerd/loggerd.h
@@ -28,6 +28,13 @@ const int SEGMENT_LENGTH = LOGGERD_TEST ? atoi(getenv("LOGGERD_SEGMENT_LENGTH"))
 constexpr char PRESERVE_ATTR_NAME[] = "user.preserve";
 constexpr char PRESERVE_ATTR_VALUE = '1';
 
+// 2.5x the stock 526x330 qcamera, rounded up to even. The msm_vidc encoder rejects
+// VIDIOC_S_FMT with ENOTSUPP (524) on an odd width or height, which throws out of
+// encoder_thread and SIGABRTs all of encoderd -- taking fcamera/dcamera/ecamera with it.
+constexpr int QCAM_WIDTH = 1316;
+constexpr int QCAM_HEIGHT = 826;
+static_assert(QCAM_WIDTH % 2 == 0 && QCAM_HEIGHT % 2 == 0, "qcamera dimensions must be even");
+
 struct EncoderSettings {
   cereal::EncodeIndex::Type encode_type;
   int bitrate;
@@ -140,8 +147,8 @@ const EncoderInfo qcam_encoder_info = {
   .filename = "qcamera.ts",
   .cbr = true,           // enforce the bitrate so upload size stays predictable (no VBR overshoot)
   .get_settings = [](int){return EncoderSettings::QcamEncoderSettings();},
-  .frame_width = 1315,   // 2.5x the stock 526x330, same road-cam aspect ratio
-  .frame_height = 825,
+  .frame_width = QCAM_WIDTH,
+  .frame_height = QCAM_HEIGHT,
   .include_audio = Params().getBool("RecordAudio"),
   INIT_ENCODE_FUNCTIONS(QRoadEncode),
 };
diff --git a/tools/sim/lib/simulated_sensors.py b/tools/sim/lib/simulated_sensors.py
index 6ac7c4f..a8374a0 100644
--- a/tools/sim/lib/simulated_sensors.py
+++ b/tools/sim/lib/simulated_sensors.py
@@ -92,12 +92,11 @@ class SimulatedSensors:
 
     # dmonitoringd output
     dat = messaging.new_message('driverMonitoringState', valid=True)
-    dm = dat.driverMonitoringState
-    dm.alertLevel = log.DriverMonitoringState.AlertLevel.none
-    dm.activePolicy = log.DriverMonitoringState.MonitoringPolicy.vision
-    dm.visionPolicyState.faceDetected = True
-    dm.visionPolicyState.isDistracted = False
-    dm.visionPolicyState.awarenessPercent = 100
+    dat.driverMonitoringState = {
+      "faceDetected": True,
+      "isDistracted": False,
+      "awarenessStatus": 1.,
+    }
     self.pm.send('driverMonitoringState', dat)
 
   def send_camera_images(self, world: 'World'):